🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
ふぃーさん【冷さん・寒さん】 : fiisan | define meaning
fiisan
Pronunciation: [ɸiːsaŋ̍]
Definition
Sa-Adjective
- Cold; chilly
Etymology
Cognate with Hokkaido, Kansai, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Ehime and Kochi ひやい hiyai; Saga, Kumamoto and Kagoshima ひやか hiyaka; Yoron ぴーさい piisai; Okinawan ふぃーさん fiisan and ひーさん hiisan "cold". Related to Osaka ひやっこい hiyakkoi "cold".
Historical Ryukyuan attestations
- Vocabulary of the language spoken at the Great Loo-Choo island in the Japan Sea (1818), by Herbert John Clifford, records "Cold. Feésa".
- Voyage of His Majesty's Ship Alceste: Along the Coast of Corea, to the Island of Lewchew, with an Account of Her Subsequent Shipwreck (1818), by John M'Leod, records "Cold. Fuisa".
Notes
Derived terms:
ふぃーさ【冷さ・寒さ】 fiisa "the cold; a chill".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 冷さん 寒さん |
| Kana | ふぃーさん |
| New Okinawa Moji | 懲ーさん |
| Romanization | fiisan |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [ɸiːsaŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
fiisan |
fiisatan |
fiikoo neen, fiikoo neeran |
fiikoo neentan, fiikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
fiisaru |
fiisataru |
fiikoo neentaru, fiikoo neerantaru |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
fii- |
|
Dictionary |
fiisan |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
fiisaru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
fiisa- |
|
Noun form |
fiisa |
|
Adverbial form |
fiiku |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
fiikoo |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
fiikoo |
|
Conjunctive |
fiisati |
|
Continuative |
fiisai |
|
Conditional |
fiisaree |
|
Provisional conditional |
fiisaraa |
|
Consequential |
fiisanu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive conditional |
fiiti-n |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
To become... |
fiiku nain |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive |
fiisa-shiga |
|
Topicalized concessive |
fiisaa-a-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
fiisa-kutu |
|
Nominalized |
fiisa-shi |
|
Inferential |
fiisa sun |
|
Questions |
fiisa-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
fiisayabiyun†, fiisaibiyun†, |
fiisayabitan†, fiisaibitan |
fiikoo neeyabiran†, fiikoo neebiran |
fiikoo neeyabirantan†, fiikoo neebirantan |
|
ATT |
fiisayabiyuru†, fiisaibiyuru†, |
fiisayabitaru, fiisaibitaru |
fiikoo neeyabirantaru†, fiikoo neebirantaru |
||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
fiisami |
fiisatii |
fiikoo neeni, fiikoo neerani |
fiikoo neentii, fiikoo neerantii |
|
Conjecture |
PRED |
fiisan nee sun |
fiisatan nee sun |
fiikoo neen nee sun, fiikoo neeran nee sun |
fiikoo neentan nee sun, fiikoo neerantan nee sun |
† These forms are considered literary.
Adjective paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：さむい【寒い】