🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
ちむぐりさん【肝苦さん】 : chimugurisan | define meaning
chimugurisan
Pronunciation: [t͡ɕimuɡuɾisaŋ̍]
Definition
Sa-Adjective
- (Of a situation) Lamentable; awful; terrible; deplorable; tragic; painful [to watch]; heartbreaking
- (Of a person) Pitiful; pitiable; poor [thing]; sad; pathetic
- (Interjection) Poor thing!; How deplorable!; How awful; How sad; I feel sorry for [them]; My heart aches for [them]
- あいえなあ、ちむぐりさん
aienaa, chimugurisan
"Oh no, how awful!"
- あいえなあ、ちむぐりさん
Etymology
Derived from ちむ【肝】 chimu "liver; heart" and the rendaku form of くりさん【苦さん】 kurisan "to be painful".
Notes
Variant: ちむぐるさん【肝苦さん】 chimugurusan
Related term: ちむぐりさ【肝苦さ】 chimugurisa "despair; pity; sadness" (variant ちむぐるさ【肝苦さ】 chimugurusa)
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 肝苦さん |
| Kana | ちむぐりさん |
| Romanization | chimugurisan |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [t͡ɕimuɡuɾisaŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
chimugurisan, chimugurishan† |
chimugurisatan, chimugurishatan† |
chimugurishikoo neen, chimugurishikoo neeran |
chimugurishikoo neentan, chimugurishikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
chimugurisaru |
chimugurisataru, chimugurishataru† |
chimugurishikoo neentaru, chimugurishikoo neerantaru |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
chimuguri- |
|
Dictionary |
chimugurisan, chimugurishan† |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
chimugurisaru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
chimugurisa- |
|
Noun form |
chimugurisa |
|
Adverbial form |
chimugurishiku |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
chimugurishikoo |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
chimugurishikoo |
|
Conjunctive |
chimugurisati, chimugurishati† |
|
Continuative |
chimugurisai |
|
Conditional |
chimugurisaree |
|
Provisional conditional |
chimugurisaraa |
|
Consequential |
chimugurisanu, chimugurishanu† |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive conditional |
chimuguriti-n |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
To become... |
chimugurishiku nain |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive |
chimugurisa-shiga |
|
Topicalized concessive |
chimugurisaa-a-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
chimugurisa-kutu |
|
Nominalized |
chimugurisa-shi |
|
Inferential |
chimugurisa sun |
|
Questions |
chimugurisa-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
chimugurisayabiyun†, chimugurisaibiyun†, |
chimugurisayabitan†, chimugurisaibitan |
chimugurishikoo neeyabiran†, chimugurishikoo neebiran |
chimugurishikoo neeyabirantan†, chimugurishikoo neebirantan |
|
ATT |
chimugurisayabiyuru†, chimugurisaibiyuru†, |
chimugurisayabitaru, chimugurisaibitaru |
chimugurishikoo neeyabirantaru†, chimugurishikoo neebirantaru |
||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
chimugurisami, chimugurishami† |
chimugurisatii, chimugurishatii |
chimugurishikoo neeni, chimugurishikoo neerani |
chimugurishikoo neentii, chimugurishikoo neerantii |
|
Conjecture |
PRED |
chimugurisan nee sun, chimugurishan nee sun† |
chimugurisatan nee sun, chimugurishatan nee sun† |
chimugurishikoo neen nee sun, chimugurishikoo neeran nee sun |
chimugurishikoo neentan nee sun, chimugurishikoo neerantan nee sun |
† These forms are considered literary.
Adjective paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：かわいそう【可愛そう・可哀想】、こころぐるしい【心苦しい】、きのどく【気の毒】