🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
ちむぐるさん【肝苦さん】 : chimugurusan | define meaning
chimugurusan
Pronunciation: [t͡ɕimuɡurusaŋ̍]
Definition
Sa-Adjective
- (Of a situation) Lamentable; awful; terrible; deplorable; tragic; painful [to watch]; heartbreaking
- (Of a person) Pitiful; pitiable; poor [thing]; sad; pathetic
- (Interjection) Poor thing!; How deplorable!; How awful; How sad; I feel sorry for [them]; My heart aches for [them]
- あいえなあ、ちむぐるさん
aienaa, chimugurusan
"Oh no, how awful!"
- あいえなあ、ちむぐるさん
Etymology
Derived from ちむ【肝】 chimu "liver; heart" and the rendaku form of くるさん【苦さん】 kurusan "to be painful" (more commonly, くりさん kurisan).
Notes
Variant: ちむぐりさん【肝苦さん】 chimugurisan
Related term: ちむぐるさ【肝苦さ】 chimugurusa "despair; pity; sadness" (variant ちむぐりさ【肝苦さ】 chimugurisa)
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 肝苦さん |
| Kana | ちむぐるさん |
| Romanization | chimugurusan |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [t͡ɕimuɡurusaŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
chimugurusan, chimugurushan† |
chimugurusatan, chimugurushatan† |
chimugurushikoo neen, chimugurushikoo neeran |
chimugurushikoo neentan, chimugurushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
chimugurusaru |
chimugurusataru, chimugurushataru† |
chimugurushikoo neentaru, chimugurushikoo neerantaru |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
chimuguru- |
|
Dictionary |
chimugurusan, chimugurushan† |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
chimugurusaru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
chimugurusa- |
|
Noun form |
chimugurusa |
|
Adverbial form |
chimugurushiku |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
chimugurushikoo |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
chimugurushikoo |
|
Conjunctive |
chimugurusati, chimugurushati† |
|
Continuative |
chimugurusai |
|
Conditional |
chimugurusaree |
|
Provisional conditional |
chimugurusaraa |
|
Consequential |
chimugurusanu, chimugurushanu† |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive conditional |
chimuguruti-n |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
To become... |
chimugurushiku nain |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive |
chimugurusa-shiga |
|
Topicalized concessive |
chimugurusaa-a-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
chimugurusa-kutu |
|
Nominalized |
chimugurusa-shi |
|
Inferential |
chimugurusa sun |
|
Questions |
chimugurusa-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
chimugurusayabiyun†, chimugurusaibiyun†, |
chimugurusayabitan†, chimugurusaibitan |
chimugurushikoo neeyabiran†, chimugurushikoo neebiran |
chimugurushikoo neeyabirantan†, chimugurushikoo neebirantan |
|
ATT |
chimugurusayabiyuru†, chimugurusaibiyuru†, |
chimugurusayabitaru, chimugurusaibitaru |
chimugurushikoo neeyabirantaru†, chimugurushikoo neebirantaru |
||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
chimugurusami, chimugurushami† |
chimugurusatii, chimugurushatii |
chimugurushikoo neeni, chimugurushikoo neerani |
chimugurushikoo neentii, chimugurushikoo neerantii |
|
Conjecture |
PRED |
chimugurusan nee sun, chimugurushan nee sun† |
chimugurusatan nee sun, chimugurushatan nee sun† |
chimugurushikoo neen nee sun, chimugurushikoo neeran nee sun |
chimugurushikoo neentan nee sun, chimugurushikoo neerantan nee sun |
† These forms are considered literary.
Adjective paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：かわいそう【可愛そう・可哀想】、こころぐるしい【心苦しい】