🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
くちさん【苦さん】 : kuchisan | define meaning
kuchisan
Pronunciation: [kut͡ɕisaŋ̍]
Definition
Sa-Adjective
- Painful; agonizing; agonising; difficult; challenging
- Heartbreaking; heartwrenching; painful
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese くるしい【苦しい】 kurushii "painful, difficult".
Notes
Variant: くりさん kurisan.
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 苦さん |
| Kana | くちさん |
| Romanization | kuchisan |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [kut͡ɕisaŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
kuchisan |
kuchisatan |
kuchikoo neen, kuchikoo neeran |
kuchikoo neentan, kuchikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
kuchisaru |
kuchisataru |
kuchikoo neentaru, kuchikoo neerantaru |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
kuchi- |
|
Dictionary |
kuchisan |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
kuchisaru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
kuchisa- |
|
Noun form |
kuchisa |
|
Adverbial form |
kuchiku |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
kuchikoo |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
kuchikoo |
|
Conjunctive |
kuchisati |
|
Continuative |
kuchisai |
|
Conditional |
kuchisaree |
|
Provisional conditional |
kuchisaraa |
|
Consequential |
kuchisanu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive conditional |
kuchiti-n |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
To become... |
kuchiku nain |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive |
kuchisa-shiga |
|
Topicalized concessive |
kuchisaa-a-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
kuchisa-kutu |
|
Nominalized |
kuchisa-shi |
|
Inferential |
kuchisa sun |
|
Questions |
kuchisa-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
kuchisayabiyun†, kuchisaibiyun†, |
kuchisayabitan†, kuchisaibitan |
kuchikoo neeyabiran†, kuchikoo neebiran |
kuchikoo neeyabirantan†, kuchikoo neebirantan |
|
ATT |
kuchisayabiyuru†, kuchisaibiyuru†, |
kuchisayabitaru, kuchisaibitaru |
kuchikoo neeyabirantaru†, kuchikoo neebirantaru |
||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
kuchisami |
kuchisatii |
kuchikoo neeni, kuchikoo neerani |
kuchikoo neentii, kuchikoo neerantii |
|
Conjecture |
PRED |
kuchisan nee sun |
kuchisatan nee sun |
kuchikoo neen nee sun, kuchikoo neeran nee sun |
kuchikoo neentan nee sun, kuchikoo neerantan nee sun |
† These forms are considered literary.
Adjective paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：くるしい【苦しい】