🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
くりさん【苦さん】 : kurisan | define meaning
kurisan
Pronunciation: [kuɾisaŋ̍]
Definition
Sa-Adjective
- Painful; agonizing; agonising; difficult; challenging
- Heartbreaking; heartwrenching; painful
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese くるしい【苦しい】 kurushii "painful, difficult".
Notes
Variant: くちさん kuchisan.
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 苦さん |
| Kana | くりさん |
| Romanization | kurisan |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [kuɾisaŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
kurisan, kurishan† |
kurisatan, kurishatan† |
kurishikoo neen, kurishikoo neeran |
kurishikoo neentan, kurishikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
kurisaru |
kurisataru, kurishataru† |
kurishikoo neentaru, kurishikoo neerantaru |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
kuri- |
|
Dictionary |
kurisan, kurishan† |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
kurisaru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
kurisa- |
|
Noun form |
kurisa |
|
Adverbial form |
kurishiku |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
kurishikoo |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
kurishikoo |
|
Conjunctive |
kurisati, kurishati† |
|
Continuative |
kurisai |
|
Conditional |
kurisaree |
|
Provisional conditional |
kurisaraa |
|
Consequential |
kurisanu, kurishanu† |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive conditional |
kuriti-n |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
To become... |
kurishiku nain |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive |
kurisa-shiga |
|
Topicalized concessive |
kurisaa-a-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
kurisa-kutu |
|
Nominalized |
kurisa-shi |
|
Inferential |
kurisa sun |
|
Questions |
kurisa-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
kurisayabiyun†, kurisaibiyun†, |
kurisayabitan†, kurisaibitan |
kurishikoo neeyabiran†, kurishikoo neebiran |
kurishikoo neeyabirantan†, kurishikoo neebirantan |
|
ATT |
kurisayabiyuru†, kurisaibiyuru†, |
kurisayabitaru, kurisaibitaru |
kurishikoo neeyabirantaru†, kurishikoo neebirantaru |
||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
kurisami, kurishami† |
kurisatii, kurishatii |
kurishikoo neeni, kurishikoo neerani |
kurishikoo neentii, kurishikoo neerantii |
|
Conjecture |
PRED |
kurisan nee sun, kurishan nee sun† |
kurisatan nee sun, kurishatan nee sun† |
kurishikoo neen nee sun, kurishikoo neeran nee sun |
kurishikoo neentan nee sun, kurishikoo neerantan nee sun |
† These forms are considered literary.
Adjective paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：くるしい【苦しい】