🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
んじゃさん【苦さん】 : njasan | define meaning
njasan
Pronunciation: [n̩d͡ʑasaŋ̍]
Definition
Sa-Adjective
- Bitter
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese にがい【苦い】 nigai "bitter".
Historical Ryukyuan attestations
- Vocabulary of the language spoken at the Great Loo-Choo Island, in the Japan Sea (1818), by Herbert John Clifford, records "Bitter, Injássa".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 苦さん |
| Kana | んじゃさん |
| Romanization | njasan |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [n̩d͡ʑasaŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
njasan |
njasatan |
njakoo neen, njakoo neeran |
njakoo neentan, njakoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
njasaru |
njasataru |
njakoo neentaru, njakoo neerantaru |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
nja- |
|
Dictionary |
njasan |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
njasaru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
njasa- |
|
Noun form |
njasa |
|
Adverbial form |
njaku |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
njakoo |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
njakoo |
|
Conjunctive |
njasati |
|
Continuative |
njasai |
|
Conditional |
njasaree |
|
Provisional conditional |
njasaraa |
|
Consequential |
njasanu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive conditional |
njati-n |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
To become... |
njaku nain |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive |
njasa-shiga |
|
Topicalized concessive |
njasaa-a-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
njasa-kutu |
|
Nominalized |
njasa-shi |
|
Inferential |
njasa sun |
|
Questions |
njasa-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
njasayabiyun†, njasaibiyun†, |
njasayabitan†, njasaibitan |
njakoo neeyabiran†, njakoo neebiran |
njakoo neeyabirantan†, njakoo neebirantan |
|
ATT |
njasayabiyuru†, njasaibiyuru†, |
njasayabitaru, njasaibitaru |
njakoo neeyabirantaru†, njakoo neebirantaru |
||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
njasami |
njasatii |
njakoo neeni, njakoo neerani |
njakoo neentii, njakoo neerantii |
|
Conjecture |
PRED |
njasan nee sun |
njasatan nee sun |
njakoo neen nee sun, njakoo neeran nee sun |
njakoo neentan nee sun, njakoo neerantan nee sun |
† These forms are considered literary.
Adjective paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：にがい【苦い】