🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
をぅがぬん【拝ぬん】 : wuganun | define meaning
wuganun
Pronunciation: [(w)uɡanuŋ̍]
Definition
Verb, Transitive
- To worship; to pay respect to; to pray at
- (Humble) To see
- (Humble) To meet
- (Following a verb in its adverbial form) To perform an action involving a person of higher status. To do; to perform.
- うはなしをぅがぬん【御話し拝ぬん】
uhanashi wuganun
"To speak with (someone of high status)"
- うはなしをぅがぬん【御話し拝ぬん】
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese おがむ【拝む】 ogamu "to worship; to see".
Historical Ryukyuan attestations
- Essay in Aid of a Grammar and Dictionary of the Luchuan Language (1895), by Basil Hall Chamberlain, records "Wuganung, to venerate, hence used as an honorific equivalent for to meet, to see: hajimiti wuganabira, I will venerate you for the first time, i.e. I am happy to make your acquaintance; acha wuganabira, I will see you tomorrow; chiū wuganabira, good day, how do you do? ū! wuganabitang (equivalent to Jap. hai! kashikomarimashita), I will obey your orders, Sir; nāda wugadē nābirang (equivalent to Jap. mada haiken itashimasen), I have not yet had the honour to see it; nagē wuganabirang (equiv. to Jap. go busata itashimashita), I have been remiss in not going to see you for so long (Jap. ogamu, to worship.)".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 拝ぬん |
| Kana | をぅがぬん |
| New Okinawa Moji | 歹がぬん |
| Romanization | wuganun |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [(w)uɡanuŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
wugamun,
|
wugadan |
wugaman |
wugamantan |
|
ATT |
wugamuru,
|
wugadaru |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
wugadoon |
wugadootan |
wugadeewuran |
wugadeewurantan |
|
ATT |
wugadooru |
wugadootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
wugamasun |
wugamachan |
wugamasan |
wugamasantan |
|
ATT |
wugamasuru |
wugamacharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
wugamariyun, |
wugamaritan, |
wugamariran, |
wugamarirantan, |
|
ATT |
wugamariyuru, |
wugamaritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
wugamasariyun, |
wugamasaritan |
wugamasariran |
wugamasarirantan |
|
ATT |
wugamasariyuru, |
wugamasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
wugadeen |
wugadeetan |
wugadeeneen |
wugadeeneentan |
|
ATT |
wugadeeru |
wugadeetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
wugadoochun |
wugadoochan |
wugadeeukan |
wugadeeukantan |
|
ATT |
wugadoochuru |
wugadoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
wugam- |
|
Dictionary |
wugamun, |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
wugamuru,
|
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
wugamu-,
|
|
Adverbial |
wugami |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
wugama |
|
Conjunctive |
wugadi |
|
Representative |
wugadai |
|
Imperative |
wugami, |
|
Conditional |
wugamee |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
wugamuru haji,
|
|
So as to... |
wugamuru gutu,
|
|
Before... |
wugamuru mee,
|
|
While... |
wugamuru qweeda, wugamuru-qweema,
|
|
Purpose |
wugamuru tami ni,
|
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
wugadi-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
wugadi-kwiin |
|
Completive |
wugadi-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
wugadi-n |
|
After... |
wugadi-kara |
|
After... |
wugadi-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
wugami-busan |
wugami-busantan |
wugami-bushikoo neen, wugami-bushikoo neeran |
wugami-bushikoo neentan, wugami-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
wugami-busaru |
wugami-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
wugami-yassan |
wugami-yassantan |
wugami-yashikoo neen, wugami-yashikoo neeran |
wugami-yashikoo neentan, wugami-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
wugami-yassaru |
wugami-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
wugami-gurisan |
wugami-gurisantan |
wugami-gurikoo neen, wugami-gurikoo neeran |
wugami-gurikoo neentan, wugami-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
wugami-gurisaru |
wugami-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
wugami-misheen |
wugami-misheentan |
wugami-misooran |
wugami-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
wugami-misheeru |
wugami-misheetaru, |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
wugami-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
wugamu-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
wugamu-shi |
|
Concessive |
wugamu-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
wugamu-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
wugamu-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
wugamu-raa |
|
Questions |
wugamu-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
wugamabiyun, |
wugamabitan |
wugamabiran |
wugamabirantan |
|
ATT |
wugamabiyuru, |
wugamabitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
wugamumi |
wugadii |
wugamani |
wugamantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：おがむ【拝む】、おあいする【お会いする・御会いする】、はいけんする【拝見する・拜見する】