🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
すくぬん【竦ぬん】 : sukunun | define meaning
sukunun
Pronunciation: [sukunuŋ̍]
Definition
Verb, Intransitive
- To cower away; to hide; to take cover; to curl up (in fear); to conceal oneself
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese すくむ【竦む】 sukumu "to cower".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 竦ぬん |
| Kana | すくぬん |
| Romanization | sukunun |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [sukunuŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
sukumun,
|
sukudan |
sukuman |
sukumantan |
|
ATT |
sukumuru,
|
sukudaru |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
sukudoon |
sukudootan |
sukudeewuran |
sukudeewurantan |
|
ATT |
sukudooru |
sukudootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
sukumasun |
sukumachan |
sukumasan |
sukumasantan |
|
ATT |
sukumasuru |
sukumacharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
sukumariyun, |
sukumaritan, |
sukumariran, |
sukumarirantan, |
|
ATT |
sukumariyuru, |
sukumaritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
sukumasariyun, |
sukumasaritan |
sukumasariran |
sukumasarirantan |
|
ATT |
sukumasariyuru, |
sukumasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
sukudeen |
sukudeetan |
sukudeeneen |
sukudeeneentan |
|
ATT |
sukudeeru |
sukudeetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
sukudoochun |
sukudoochan |
sukudeeukan |
sukudeeukantan |
|
ATT |
sukudoochuru |
sukudoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
sukum- |
|
Dictionary |
sukumun, |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
sukumuru,
|
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
sukumu-,
|
|
Adverbial |
sukumi |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
sukuma |
|
Conjunctive |
sukudi |
|
Representative |
sukudai |
|
Imperative |
sukumi, |
|
Conditional |
sukumee |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
sukumuru haji,
|
|
So as to... |
sukumuru gutu,
|
|
Before... |
sukumuru mee,
|
|
While... |
sukumuru qweeda, sukumuru-qweema,
|
|
Purpose |
sukumuru tami ni,
|
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
sukudi-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
sukudi-kwiin |
|
Completive |
sukudi-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
sukudi-n |
|
After... |
sukudi-kara |
|
After... |
sukudi-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
sukumi-busan |
sukumi-busantan |
sukumi-bushikoo neen, sukumi-bushikoo neeran |
sukumi-bushikoo neentan, sukumi-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
sukumi-busaru |
sukumi-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
sukumi-yassan |
sukumi-yassantan |
sukumi-yashikoo neen, sukumi-yashikoo neeran |
sukumi-yashikoo neentan, sukumi-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
sukumi-yassaru |
sukumi-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
sukumi-gurisan |
sukumi-gurisantan |
sukumi-gurikoo neen, sukumi-gurikoo neeran |
sukumi-gurikoo neentan, sukumi-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
sukumi-gurisaru |
sukumi-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
sukumi-misheen |
sukumi-misheentan |
sukumi-misooran |
sukumi-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
sukumi-misheeru |
sukumi-misheetaru, |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
sukumi-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
sukumu-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
sukumu-shi |
|
Concessive |
sukumu-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
sukumu-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
sukumu-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
sukumu-raa |
|
Questions |
sukumu-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
sukumabiyun, |
sukumabitan |
sukumabiran |
sukumabirantan |
|
ATT |
sukumabiyuru, |
sukumabitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
sukumumi |
sukudii |
sukumani |
sukumantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：すくむ【竦む】、ちぢこまる【縮こまる】