🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
とぅじゅん【研じゅん・磨じゅん・砥じゅん】 : tujun | define meaning
tujun
Pronunciation: [tud͡ʑuŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To sharpen (a blade)
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese とぐ【研ぐ・磨ぐ・砥ぐ】 togu "to sharpen".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 研じゅん 磨じゅん 砥じゅん |
| Kana | とぅじゅん |
| New Okinawa Moji | 婢じゅん |
| Romanization | tujun |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [tud͡ʑuŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
tujun |
tujan |
tugan |
tugantan |
|
ATT |
tujuru |
tujaru |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
tujoon |
tujootan |
tujeewuran |
tujeewurantan |
|
ATT |
tujooru |
tujootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
tugasun |
tugachan |
tugasan |
tugasantan |
|
ATT |
tugasuru |
tugacharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
tugariyun, |
tugaritan, |
tugariran, |
tugarirantan, |
|
ATT |
tugariyuru, |
tugaritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
tugasariyun, |
tugasaritan |
tugasariran |
tugasarirantan |
|
ATT |
tugasariyuru, |
tugasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
tujeen |
tujeetan |
tujeeneen |
tujeeneentan |
|
ATT |
tujeeru |
tujeetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
tujoochun |
tujoochan |
tujeeukan |
tujeeukantan |
|
ATT |
tujoochuru |
tujoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
tug- |
|
Dictionary |
tujun |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
tujuru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
tuju- |
|
Adverbial |
tuji |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
tuga |
|
Conjunctive |
tuji |
|
Representative |
tujai |
|
Imperative |
tugi, |
|
Conditional |
tugee |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
tujuru haji |
|
So as to... |
tujuru gutu |
|
Before... |
tujuru mee |
|
While... |
tujuru qweeda, tujuru-qweema |
|
Purpose |
tujuru tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
tuji-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
tuji-kwiin |
|
Completive |
tuji-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
tuji-n |
|
After... |
tuji-kara |
|
After... |
tuji-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
tuji-busan |
tuji-busantan |
tuji-bushikoo neen, tuji-bushikoo neeran |
tuji-bushikoo neentan, tuji-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
tuji-busaru |
tuji-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
tuji-yassan |
tuji-yassantan |
tuji-yashikoo neen, tuji-yashikoo neeran |
tuji-yashikoo neentan, tuji-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
tuji-yassaru |
tuji-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
tuji-gurisan |
tuji-gurisantan |
tuji-gurikoo neen, tuji-gurikoo neeran |
tuji-gurikoo neentan, tuji-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
tuji-gurisaru |
tuji-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
tuji-misheen |
tuji-misheentan |
tuji-misooran |
tuji-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
tuji-misheeru |
tuji-misheetaru, |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
tuji-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
tuju-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
tuju-shi |
|
Concessive |
tuju-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
tuju-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
tuju-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
tuju-raa |
|
Questions |
tuju-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
tujabiyun, |
tujabitan |
tujabiran |
tujabirantan |
|
ATT |
tujabiyuru, |
tujabitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
tujumi |
tujii |
tugani |
tugantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：とぐ【研ぐ・磨ぐ・砥ぐ】