🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
あがないん【贖いん・購いん】 : aganain | define meaning
aganain
Pronunciation: [ʔaɡanaiŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To make amends; to atone for; to redeem oneself
- To pay off; to settle
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese あがなう【贖う・購う】 aganau "to make amends".
Historical Ryukyuan attestations
- 沖縄語典 Okinawa goten (Okinawan language dictionary) (1896), by Masayo Nakamoto, records "「うたが𛃥ん」贖（ウタガフ）、罪ヲ請フ爲ニ物ヲ出スヿ沖繩ニテハ意ニ用ヰ".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 贖いん 購いん |
| Kana | あがないん |
| Romanization | aganain |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [ʔaɡanaiŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
aganayun, aganain |
aganatan |
aganaan, aganaran |
aganaantan, aganarantan |
|
ATT |
aganayuru, aganairu |
aganataru |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
aganatoon |
aganatootan |
aganateewuran |
aganateewurantan |
|
ATT |
aganatooru |
aganatootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
aganaasun |
aganaachan |
aganaasan |
aganaasantan |
|
ATT |
aganaasuru |
aganaacharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
aganaariyun, |
aganaaritan, |
aganaariran, |
aganaarirantan, |
|
ATT |
aganaariyuru, |
aganaaritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
aganaasariyun, |
aganaasaritan |
aganaasariran |
aganaasarirantan |
|
ATT |
aganaasariyuru, |
aganaasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
aganateen |
aganateetan |
aganateeneen |
aganateeneentan |
|
ATT |
aganateeru |
aganateetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
aganatoochun |
aganatoochan |
aganateeukan |
aganateeukantan |
|
ATT |
aganatoochuru |
aganatoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
agana- |
|
Dictionary |
aganayun, aganain |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
aganayuru, aganairu |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
aganayu-, aganai- |
|
Adverbial |
aganai, aganee |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
aganara |
|
Conjunctive |
aganati |
|
Representative |
aganatai |
|
Imperative |
aganari, |
|
Conditional |
aganaree |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
aganayuru haji, aganairu haji |
|
So as to... |
aganayuru gutu, aganairu gutu |
|
Before... |
aganayuru mee, aganairu mee |
|
While... |
aganayuru qweeda, aganayuru-qweema, aganairu qweeda, aganairu-qweema |
|
Purpose |
aganayuru tami ni, aganairu tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
aganati-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
aganati-kwiin |
|
Completive |
aganati-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
aganati-n |
|
After... |
aganati-kara |
|
After... |
aganati-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
aganai-busan, aganee-busan |
aganai-busantan, aganee-busantan |
aganai-bushikoo neen, aganee-bushikoo neen, aganai-bushikoo neeran aganee-bushikoo neeran |
aganai-bushikoo neentan, aganee-bushikoo neentan, aganai-bushikoo neerantan aganee-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
aganai-busaru, aganee-busaru |
aganai-busataru, aganee-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
aganai-yassan, aganee-yassan |
aganai-yassantan, aganee-yassantan |
aganai-yashikoo neen, aganee-yashikoo neen, aganai-yashikoo neeran, aganee-yashikoo neeran |
aganai-yashikoo neentan, aganee-yashikoo neentan, aganai-yashikoo neerantan, aganee-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
aganai-yassaru, aganee-yassaru |
aganai-yassataru, aganee-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
aganai-gurisan, aganee-gurisan |
aganai-gurisantan, aganee-gurisantan |
aganai-gurikoo neen, aganee-gurikoo neen, aganai-gurikoo neeran, aganee-gurikoo neeran |
aganai-gurikoo neentan, aganee-gurikoo neentan, aganai-gurikoo neerantan, aganee-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
aganai-gurisaru, aganee-gurisaru |
aganai-gurisataru, aganee-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
aganai-misheen, aganee-misheen |
aganai-misheentan, aganee-misheentan |
aganai-misooran, aganee-misooran |
aganai-misoorantan, aganee-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
aganai-misheeru, aganee-misheeru |
aganai-misheetaru, aganee-misheetaru, aganai-misoocharu, aganee-misoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
aganai-gachii, aganee-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
aganayu-tan, aganai-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
aganayu-shi, aganai-shi |
|
Concessive |
aganayu-shiga, aganai-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
aganayu-kutu, aganai-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
aganayu-na, aganai-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
aganayu-raa aganai-raa |
|
Questions |
aganayu-ga, aganai-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
aganayabiyun, aganaibiyun, |
aganayabitan, aganaibitan |
aganayabiran, aganaibiran |
aganayabirantan, aganaibirantan |
|
ATT |
aganayabiyuru, aganaibiyuru, |
aganayabitaru, aganaibitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
aganayumi, aganaimi |
aganatii |
aganaani |
aganaantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：あがなう【贖う・購う】