🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
あちゅん【開ちゅん・明ちゅん・空ちゅん】 : achun | define meaning
achun
Pronunciation: [ʔat͡ɕuŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To be opening; to open
- はしるぬあちゅん【はしるぬ開ちゅん】
hashiru nu achun
"The door opens"
- はしるぬあちゅん【はしるぬ開ちゅん】
- To be empty; to sit empty; to be vacant
- やーぬあちゅん【家ぬ空ちゅん】
yaa nu achun
"The house is vacant"
- やーぬあちゅん【家ぬ空ちゅん】
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese あく【開く・空く・明く】 aku "to open; to be empty".
Historical Ryukyuan attestations
- Essay in Aid of a Grammmar and Dictionary of the Luchuan Language (1895), by Basil Hall Chamberlain, records "Achung, to open,—intrans. (Jap. aku.)".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 開ちゅん 明ちゅん 空ちゅん |
| Kana | あちゅん |
| Romanization | achun |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [ʔat͡ɕuŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
achun |
achan |
akan |
akantan |
|
ATT |
achuru |
acharu |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
achoon |
achootan |
acheewuran |
acheewurantan |
|
ATT |
achooru |
achootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
akasun |
akachan |
akasan |
akasantan |
|
ATT |
akasuru |
akacharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
akariyun, |
akaritan, |
akariran, |
akarirantan, |
|
ATT |
akariyuru, |
akaritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
akasariyun, |
akasaritan |
akasariran |
akasarirantan |
|
ATT |
akasariyuru, |
akasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
acheen |
acheetan |
acheeneen |
acheeneentan |
|
ATT |
acheeru |
acheetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
achoochun |
achoochan |
acheeukan |
acheeukantan |
|
ATT |
achoochuru |
achoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
ak- |
|
Dictionary |
achun |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
achuru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
achu- |
|
Adverbial |
achi |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
aka |
|
Conjunctive |
achi |
|
Representative |
achai |
|
Imperative |
aki, |
|
Conditional |
akee |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
achuru haji |
|
So as to... |
achuru gutu |
|
Before... |
achuru mee |
|
While... |
achuru qweeda, anuru-qweema |
|
Purpose |
achuru tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
achi-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
achi-kwiin |
|
Completive |
achi-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
achi-n |
|
After... |
achi-kara |
|
After... |
achi-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
achi-busan |
achi-busantan |
achi-bushikoo neen, achi-bushikoo neeran |
achi-bushikoo neentan, achi-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
achi-busaru |
achi-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
achi-yassan |
achi-yassantan |
achi-yashikoo neen, achi-yashikoo neeran |
achi-yashikoo neentan, achi-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
achi-yassaru |
achi-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
achi-gurisan |
achi-gurisantan |
achi-gurikoo neen, achi-gurikoo neeran |
achi-gurikoo neentan, achi-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
achi-gurisaru |
achi-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
achi-misheen |
achi-misheentan |
achi-misooran |
achi-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
achi-misheeru |
achi-misheetaru, |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
achi-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
achu-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
achu-shi |
|
Concessive |
achu-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
achu-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
achu-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
achu-raa |
|
Questions |
achu-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
achabiyun, |
achabitan |
achabiran |
achabirantan |
|
ATT |
achabiyuru, |
achabitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
achumi |
achii |
akani |
akantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：あく【開く・明く・空く】