🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
あぶなさん【危なさん】 : abunasan | define meaning
abunasan
Pronunciation: [ʔabunasaŋ̍]
Definition
Sa-Adjective
- Dangerous; hazardous; risky
- Unstable
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese あぶない【危ない】 abunai "dangerous".
Historical Ryukyuan attestations
- Essay in Aid of a Grammmar and Dictionary of the Luchuan Language (1895), by Basil Hall Chamberlain, records "Abunasang, dangerous. (Jap. abunai.)".
- 沖縄語典 Okinawa goten (Okinawan language dictionary) (1896), by Masayo Nakamoto, records "「あぶなさ」、浮雲、危シ（アブナシ）".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 危なさん |
| Kana | あぶなさん |
| Romanization | abunasan |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [ʔabunasaŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
abunasan, abunashan† |
abunasatan, abunashatan† |
abunashikoo neen, abunashikoo neeran |
abunashikoo neentan, abunashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
abunasaru |
abunasataru, abunashataru† |
abunashikoo neentaru, abunashikoo neerantaru |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
abuna- |
|
Dictionary |
abunasan, abunashan† |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
abunasaru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
abunasa- |
|
Noun form |
abunasa |
|
Adverbial form |
abunashiku |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
abunashikoo |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
abunashikoo |
|
Conjunctive |
abunasati, abunashati† |
|
Continuative |
abunasai |
|
Conditional |
abunasaree |
|
Provisional conditional |
abunasaraa |
|
Consequential |
abunasanu, abunashanu† |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive conditional |
abunati-n |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
To become... |
abunashiku nain |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive |
abunasa-shiga |
|
Topicalized concessive |
abunasaa-a-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
abunasa-kutu |
|
Nominalized |
abunasa-shi |
|
Inferential |
abunasa sun |
|
Questions |
abunasa-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
abunasayabiyun†, abunasaibiyun†, |
abunasayabitan†, abunasaibitan |
abunashikoo neeyabiran†, abunashikoo neebiran |
abunashikoo neeyabirantan†, abunashikoo neebirantan |
|
ATT |
abunasayabiyuru†, abunasaibiyuru†, |
abunasayabitaru, abunasaibitaru |
abunashikoo neeyabirantaru†, abunashikoo neebirantaru |
||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
abunasami, abunashami† |
abunasatii, abunashatii |
abunashikoo neeni, abunashikoo neerani |
abunashikoo neentii, abunashikoo neerantii |
|
Conjecture |
PRED |
abunasan nee sun, abunashan nee sun† |
abunasatan nee sun, abunashatan nee sun† |
abunashikoo neen nee sun, abunashikoo neeran nee sun |
abunashikoo neentan nee sun, abunashikoo neerantan nee sun |
† These forms are considered literary.
Adjective paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：あぶない【危ない】、きけんな【危険な】、あやうい【危うい】