🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
はらいん【払いん・拂いん】 : harain | define meaning
harain
Pronunciation: [haɾaiŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To pay; to make a payment
- To dust off; to brush off; to wipe
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese はらう【払う】 harau "to pay; to dust off".
Historical Ryukyuan attestations
- Essay in Aid of a Grammmar and Dictionary of the Luchuan Language (1895), by Basil Hall Chamberlain, records "Harayung, to pay: harāng gutu tatchang, he has gone off without paying.".
- 沖縄語典 Okinawa goten (Okinawan language dictionary) (1896), by Masayo Nakamoto, records "「はらー𛃥ん」拂（ハラフ）".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 払いん 拂いん |
| Kana | はらいん |
| Romanization | harain |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [haɾaiŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
harayun, harain |
haratan |
haraan, hararan |
haraantan, hararantan |
|
ATT |
harayuru, harairu |
harataru |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
haratoon |
haratootan |
harateewuran |
harateewurantan |
|
ATT |
haratooru |
haratootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
haraasun |
haraachan |
haraasan |
haraasantan |
|
ATT |
haraasuru |
haraacharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
haraariyun, |
haraaritan, |
haraariran, |
haraarirantan, |
|
ATT |
haraariyuru, |
haraaritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
haraasariyun, |
haraasaritan |
haraasariran |
haraasarirantan |
|
ATT |
haraasariyuru, |
haraasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
harateen |
harateetan |
harateeneen |
harateeneentan |
|
ATT |
harateeru |
harateetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
haratoochun |
haratoochan |
harateeukan |
harateeukantan |
|
ATT |
haratoochuru |
haratoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
hara- |
|
Dictionary |
harayun, harain |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
harayuru, harairu |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
harayu-, harai- |
|
Adverbial |
harai, haree |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
harara |
|
Conjunctive |
harati |
|
Representative |
haratai |
|
Imperative |
harari, |
|
Conditional |
hararee |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
harayuru haji, harairu haji |
|
So as to... |
harayuru gutu, harairu gutu |
|
Before... |
harayuru mee, harairu mee |
|
While... |
harayuru qweeda, harayuru-qweema, harairu qweeda, harairu-qweema |
|
Purpose |
harayuru tami ni, harairu tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
harati-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
harati-kwiin |
|
Completive |
harati-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
harati-n |
|
After... |
harati-kara |
|
After... |
harati-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
harai-busan, haree-busan |
harai-busantan, haree-busantan |
harai-bushikoo neen, haree-bushikoo neen, harai-bushikoo neeran haree-bushikoo neeran |
harai-bushikoo neentan, haree-bushikoo neentan, harai-bushikoo neerantan haree-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
harai-busaru, haree-busaru |
harai-busataru, haree-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
harai-yassan, haree-yassan |
harai-yassantan, haree-yassantan |
harai-yashikoo neen, haree-yashikoo neen, harai-yashikoo neeran, haree-yashikoo neeran |
harai-yashikoo neentan, haree-yashikoo neentan, harai-yashikoo neerantan, haree-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
harai-yassaru, haree-yassaru |
harai-yassataru, haree-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
harai-gurisan, haree-gurisan |
harai-gurisantan, haree-gurisantan |
harai-gurikoo neen, haree-gurikoo neen, harai-gurikoo neeran, haree-gurikoo neeran |
harai-gurikoo neentan, haree-gurikoo neentan, harai-gurikoo neerantan, haree-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
harai-gurisaru, haree-gurisaru |
harai-gurisataru, haree-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
harai-misheen, haree-misheen |
harai-misheentan, haree-misheentan |
harai-misooran, haree-misooran |
harai-misoorantan, haree-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
harai-misheeru, haree-misheeru |
harai-misheetaru, haree-misheetaru, harai-misoocharu, haree-misoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
harai-gachii, haree-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
harayu-tan, harai-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
harayu-shi, harai-shi |
|
Concessive |
harayu-shiga, harai-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
harayu-kutu, harai-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
harayu-na, harai-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
harayu-raa harai-raa |
|
Questions |
harayu-ga, harai-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
harayabiyun, haraibiyun, |
harayabitan, haraibitan |
harayabiran, haraibiran |
harayabirantan, haraibirantan |
|
ATT |
harayabiyuru, haraibiyuru, |
harayabitaru, haraibitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
harayumi, haraimi |
haratii |
haraani |
haraantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：はらう【払う・拂う】