🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
にくぬん【憎ぬん・悪ぬん】 : nikunun | define meaning
nikunun
Pronunciation: [nikunuŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To hate; to detest
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese にくむ【憎む・悪む】 nikumu "to hate".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 憎ぬん 悪ぬん |
| Kana | にくぬん |
| Romanization | nikunun |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [nikunuŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
nikumun,
|
nikudan |
nikuman |
nikumantan |
|
ATT |
nikumuru,
|
nikudaru |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
nikudoon |
nikudootan |
nikudeewuran |
nikudeewurantan |
|
ATT |
nikudooru |
nikudootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
nikumasun |
nikumachan |
nikumasan |
nikumasantan |
|
ATT |
nikumasuru |
nikumacharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
nikumariyun, |
nikumaritan, |
nikumariran, |
nikumarirantan, |
|
ATT |
nikumariyuru, |
nikumaritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
nikumasariyun, |
nikumasaritan |
nikumasariran |
nikumasarirantan |
|
ATT |
nikumasariyuru, |
nikumasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
nikudeen |
nikudeetan |
nikudeeneen |
nikudeeneentan |
|
ATT |
nikudeeru |
nikudeetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
nikudoochun |
nikudoochan |
nikudeeukan |
nikudeeukantan |
|
ATT |
nikudoochuru |
nikudoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
nikum- |
|
Dictionary |
nikumun, |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
nikumuru,
|
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
nikumu-,
|
|
Adverbial |
nikumi |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
nikuma |
|
Conjunctive |
nikudi |
|
Representative |
nikudai |
|
Imperative |
nikumi, |
|
Conditional |
nikumee |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
nikumuru haji,
|
|
So as to... |
nikumuru gutu,
|
|
Before... |
nikumuru mee,
|
|
While... |
nikumuru qweeda, nikumuru-qweema,
|
|
Purpose |
nikumuru tami ni,
|
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
nikudi-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
nikudi-kwiin |
|
Completive |
nikudi-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
nikudi-n |
|
After... |
nikudi-kara |
|
After... |
nikudi-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
nikumi-busan |
nikumi-busantan |
nikumi-bushikoo neen, nikumi-bushikoo neeran |
nikumi-bushikoo neentan, nikumi-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
nikumi-busaru |
nikumi-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
nikumi-yassan |
nikumi-yassantan |
nikumi-yashikoo neen, nikumi-yashikoo neeran |
nikumi-yashikoo neentan, nikumi-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
nikumi-yassaru |
nikumi-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
nikumi-gurisan |
nikumi-gurisantan |
nikumi-gurikoo neen, nikumi-gurikoo neeran |
nikumi-gurikoo neentan, nikumi-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
nikumi-gurisaru |
nikumi-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
nikumi-misheen |
nikumi-misheentan |
nikumi-misooran |
nikumi-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
nikumi-misheeru |
nikumi-misheetaru, |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
nikumi-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
nikumu-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
nikumu-shi |
|
Concessive |
nikumu-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
nikumu-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
nikumu-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
nikumu-raa |
|
Questions |
nikumu-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
nikumabiyun, |
nikumabitan |
nikumabiran |
nikumabirantan |
|
ATT |
nikumabiyuru, |
nikumabitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
nikumumi |
nikudii |
nikumani |
nikumantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：にくむ【憎む・悪む】