🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
とぅみーん【止みーん・留みーん・停みーん】 : tumiin | define meaning
tumiin
Pronunciation: [tumiːŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To stop; to halt
- To prohibit; to forbid; to prevent
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese とめる【止める・留める・停める】 tomeru "to stop".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 止みーん 留みーん 停みーん |
| Kana | とぅみーん |
| New Okinawa Moji | 婢みーん |
| Romanization | tumiin |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [tumiːŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
tumiyun, tumiin |
tumitan |
tumiran |
tumirantan |
|
ATT |
tumiyuru, tumiiru |
tumitaru |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
tumitoon |
tumitootan |
tumiteewuran |
tumiteewurantan |
|
ATT |
tumitooru |
tumitootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
tumirasun |
tumirachan |
tumirasan |
tumirasantan |
|
ATT |
tumirasuru |
tumiracharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
tumirariyun, |
tumiraritan, |
tumirariran, |
tumirarirantan, |
|
ATT |
tumirariyuru, |
tumiraritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
tumirasariyun, |
tumirasaritan |
tumirasariran |
tumirasarirantan |
|
ATT |
tumirasariyuru, |
tumirasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
tumiteen |
tumiteetan |
tumiteeneen |
tumiteeneentan |
|
ATT |
tumiteeru |
tumiteetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
tumitoochun |
tumitoochan |
tumiteeukan |
tumiteeukantan |
|
ATT |
tumitoochuru |
tumitoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
tumir- |
|
Dictionary |
tumiyun, tumiin |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
tumiyuru, tumiiru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
tumiyu-, tumii- |
|
Adverbial |
tumii |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
tumira |
|
Conjunctive |
tumiti |
|
Representative |
tumitai |
|
Imperative |
tumiri, |
|
Conditional |
tumiree |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
tumiyuru haji, tumiiru haji |
|
So as to... |
tumiyuru gutu, tumiiru gutu |
|
Before... |
tumiyuru mee, tumiiru mee |
|
While... |
tumiyuru qweeda, tumiyuru-qweema, tumiiru qweeda, tumiiru-qweema |
|
Purpose |
tumiyuru tami ni, tumiiru tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
tumiti-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
tumiti-kwiin |
|
Completive |
tumiti-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
tumiti-n |
|
After... |
tumiti-kara |
|
After... |
tumiti-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
tumii-busan |
tumii-busantan |
tumii-bushikoo neen, tumii-bushikoo neeran |
tumii-bushikoo neentan, tumii-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
tumii-busaru |
tumii-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
tumii-yassan |
tumii-yassantan |
tumii-yashikoo neen, tumii-yashikoo neeran |
tumii-yashikoo neentan, tumii-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
tumii-yassaru |
tumii-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
tumii-gurisan |
tumii-gurisantan |
tumii-gurikoo neen, tumii-gurikoo neeran |
tumii-gurikoo neentan, tumii-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
tumii-gurisaru |
tumii-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
tumii-misheen, tumi-misheen |
tumii-misheentan, tumi-misheentan |
tumii-misooran, tumi-misooran |
tumii-misoorantan, tumi-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
tumii-misheeru, tumi-misheeru |
tumii-misheetaru, tumi-misheetaru, tumii-misoocharu, tumi-misoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
tumii-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
tumiyu-tan, tumii-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
tumiyu-shi, tumii-shi |
|
Concessive |
tumiyu-shiga, tumii-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
tumiyu-kutu, tumii-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
tumiyu-na, tumii-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
tumiyu-ra tumii-ra |
|
Questions |
tumiyu-ga, tumii-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
tumiyabiyun, tumiibiyun, |
tumiyabitan, tumiibitan |
tumiyabiran, tumiibiran |
tumiyabirantan, tumiibirantan |
|
ATT |
tumiyabiyuru, tumiibiyuru, |
tumiyabitaru, tumiibitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
tumiyumi, tumiimi |
tumitii |
tumirani |
tumirantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：とめる【止める・留める・停める】、きんずる【禁ずる】、