🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
さわいん【障いん】 : sawain | define meaning
sawain
Pronunciation: [sawaiŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To hinder; to be a hindrance; to be an obstacle; to get in the way (of); to be harmful (to); to be bad (for)
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese さわる【障る】 sawaru "to hinder".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 障いん |
| Kana | さわいん |
| Romanization | sawain |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [sawaiŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
sawayun, sawain |
sawatan |
sawaran |
sawarantan |
|
ATT |
sawayuru, sawairu |
sawataru |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
sawatoon |
sawatootan |
sawateewuran |
sawateewurantan |
|
ATT |
sawatooru |
sawatootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
sawarasun |
sawarachan |
sawarasan |
sawarasantan |
|
ATT |
sawarasuru |
sawaracharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
sawarariyun, |
sawararitan, |
sawarariran, |
sawararirantan, |
|
ATT |
sawarariyuru, |
sawararitaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
sawarasariyun, |
sawarasaritan |
sawarasariran |
sawarasarirantan |
|
ATT |
sawarasariyuru, |
sawarasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
sawateen |
sawateetan |
sawateeneen |
sawateeneentan |
|
ATT |
sawateeru |
sawateetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
sawatoochun |
sawatoochan |
sawateeukan |
sawateeukantan |
|
ATT |
sawatoochuru |
sawatoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
sawar- |
|
Dictionary |
sawayun, sawain |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
sawayuru, sawairu |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
sawayu-, sawai- |
|
Adverbial |
sawai |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
sawara |
|
Conjunctive |
sawati |
|
Representative |
sawatai |
|
Imperative |
sawari, |
|
Conditional |
sawaree |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
sawayuru haji, sawairu haji |
|
So as to... |
sawayuru gutu, sawairu gutu |
|
Before... |
sawayuru mee, sawairu mee |
|
While... |
sawayuru qweeda, sawayuru-qweema, sawairu qweeda, sawairu-qweema |
|
Purpose |
sawayuru tami ni, sawairu tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
sawati-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
sawati-kwiin |
|
Completive |
sawati-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
sawati-n |
|
After... |
sawati-kara |
|
After... |
sawati-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
sawai-busan |
sawai-busantan |
sawai-bushikoo neen, sawai-bushikoo neeran |
sawai-bushikoo neentan, sawai-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
sawai-busaru |
sawai-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
sawai-yassan |
sawai-yassantan |
sawai-yashikoo neen, sawai-yashikoo neeran |
sawai-yashikoo neentan, sawai-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
sawai-yassaru |
sawai-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
sawai-gurisan |
sawai-gurisantan |
sawai-gurikoo neen, sawai-gurikoo neeran |
sawai-gurikoo neentan, sawai-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
sawai-gurisaru |
sawai-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
sawai-misheen, sawa-misheen |
sawai-misheentan, sawa-misheentan |
sawai-misooran, sawa-misooran |
sawai-misoorantan, sawa-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
sawai-misheeru, sawa-misheeru |
sawai-misheetaru, sawa-misheetaru, sawai-misoocharu, sawa-misoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
sawai-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
sawayu-tan, sawai-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
sawayu-shi, sawai-shi |
|
Concessive |
sawayu-shiga, sawai-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
sawayu-kutu, sawai-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
sawayu-na, sawai-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
sawayu-ra sawai-ra |
|
Questions |
sawayu-ga, sawai-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
sawayabiyun, sawaibiyun, |
sawayabitan, sawaibitan |
sawayabiran, sawaibiran |
sawayabirantan, sawaibirantan |
|
ATT |
sawayabiyuru, sawaibiyuru, |
sawayabitaru, sawaibitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
sawayumi, sawaimi |
sawatii |
sawarani |
sawarantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：さわる【障る】