🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
くらさん【暗さん・昏さん・冥さん・闇さん】 : kurasan | define meaning
kurasan
Pronunciation: [kuɾasaŋ̍]
Definition
Sa-Adjective
- Dark
- Gloomy; somber
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese くらい【暗い・昏い・冥い・闇い】 kurai "dark".
Historical Ryukyuan attestations
- Vocabulary of the language spoken at the Great Loo-Choo Island, in the Japan Sea (1818), by Herbert John Clifford, records "Dark. Coórasing".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 暗さん 昏さん 冥さん 闇さん |
| Kana | くらさん |
| Romanization | kurasan |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [kuɾasaŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
kurasan |
kurasatan |
kurakoo neen, kurakoo neeran |
kurakoo neentan, kurakoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
kurasaru |
kurasataru |
kurakoo neentaru, kurakoo neerantaru |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
kura- |
|
Dictionary |
kurasan |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
kurasaru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
kurasa- |
|
Noun form |
kurasa |
|
Adverbial form |
kuraku |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
kurakoo |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
kurakoo |
|
Conjunctive |
kurasati |
|
Continuative |
kurasai |
|
Conditional |
kurasaree |
|
Provisional conditional |
kurasaraa |
|
Consequential |
kurasanu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive conditional |
kurati-n |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
To become... |
kuraku nain |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive |
kurasa-shiga |
|
Topicalized concessive |
kurasaa-a-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
kurasa-kutu |
|
Nominalized |
kurasa-shi |
|
Inferential |
kurasa sun |
|
Questions |
kurasa-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
kurasayabiyun†, kurasaibiyun†, |
kurasayabitan†, kurasaibitan |
kurakoo neeyabiran†, kurakoo neebiran |
kurakoo neeyabirantan†, kurakoo neebirantan |
|
ATT |
kurasayabiyuru†, kurasaibiyuru†, |
kurasayabitaru, kurasaibitaru |
kurakoo neeyabirantaru†, kurakoo neebirantaru |
||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
kurasami |
kurasatii |
kurakoo neeni, kurakoo neerani |
kurakoo neentii, kurakoo neerantii |
|
Conjecture |
PRED |
kurasan nee sun |
kurasatan nee sun |
kurakoo neen nee sun, kurakoo neeran nee sun |
kurakoo neentan nee sun, kurakoo neerantan nee sun |
† These forms are considered literary.
Adjective paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：くらい【暗い・昏い・冥い・闇い】