🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
くるさん【黒さん】 : kurusan | define meaning
kurusan
Pronunciation: [kuɾusaŋ̍]
Definition
Sa-Adjective
- Black; dark
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese くろい【黒い】 kuroi "black, dark".
Historical Ryukyuan attestations
- Vocabulary of the language spoken at the Great Loo-Choo Island, in the Japan Sea (1818), by Herbert John Clifford, records "Black. Korósa".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 黒さん |
| Kana | くるさん |
| Romanization | kurusan |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [kuɾusaŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
kurusan |
kurusatan |
kurukoo neen, kurukoo neeran |
kurukoo neentan, kurukoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
kurusaru |
kurusataru |
kurukoo neentaru, kurukoo neerantaru |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
kuru- |
|
Dictionary |
kurusan |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
kurusaru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
kurusa- |
|
Noun form |
kurusa |
|
Adverbial form |
kuruku |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
kurukoo |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
kurukoo |
|
Conjunctive |
kurusati |
|
Continuative |
kurusai |
|
Conditional |
kurusaree |
|
Provisional conditional |
kurusaraa |
|
Consequential |
kurusanu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive conditional |
kuruti-n |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
To become... |
kuruku nain |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive |
kurusa-shiga |
|
Topicalized concessive |
kurusaa-a-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
kurusa-kutu |
|
Nominalized |
kurusa-shi |
|
Inferential |
kurusa sun |
|
Questions |
kurusa-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
kurusayabiyun†, kurusaibiyun†, |
kurusayabitan†, kurusaibitan |
kurukoo neeyabiran†, kurukoo neebiran |
kurukoo neeyabirantan†, kurukoo neebirantan |
|
ATT |
kurusayabiyuru†, kurusaibiyuru†, |
kurusayabitaru, kurusaibitaru |
kurukoo neeyabirantaru†, kurukoo neebirantaru |
||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
kurusami |
kurusatii |
kurukoo neeni, kurukoo neerani |
kurukoo neentii, kurukoo neerantii |
|
Conjecture |
PRED |
kurusan nee sun |
kurusatan nee sun |
kurukoo neen nee sun, kurukoo neeran nee sun |
kurukoo neentan nee sun, kurukoo neerantan nee sun |
† These forms are considered literary.
Adjective paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：くろい【黒い】