🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
くふぁさん【強さん】 : kufasan | define meaning
kufasan
Pronunciation: [kuɸasaŋ̍]
Definition
Sa-Adjective
- Hard; firm; rigid
- Quarrelsome; belligerent; antagonistic
Etymology
Cognate with Kagoshima こえ koe; Okinawan くふぁさん kufasan; and standard Japanese こわい【強い】 kowai "hard, firm".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 強さん |
| Kana | くふぁさん |
| New Okinawa Moji | く慠さん |
| Romanization | kufasan |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [kuɸasaŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
kufasan |
kufasatan |
kufakoo neen, kufakoo neeran |
kufakoo neentan, kufakoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
kufasaru |
kufasataru |
kufakoo neentaru, kufakoo neerantaru |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
kufa- |
|
Dictionary |
kufasan |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
kufasaru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
kufasa- |
|
Noun form |
kufasa |
|
Adverbial form |
kufaku |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
kufakoo |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
kufakoo |
|
Conjunctive |
kufasati |
|
Continuative |
kufasai |
|
Conditional |
kufasaree |
|
Provisional conditional |
kufasaraa |
|
Consequential |
kufasanu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive conditional |
kufati-n |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
To become... |
kufaku nain |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive |
kufasa-shiga |
|
Topicalized concessive |
kufasaa-a-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
kufasa-kutu |
|
Nominalized |
kufasa-shi |
|
Inferential |
kufasa sun |
|
Questions |
kufasa-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
kufasayabiyun†, kufasaibiyun†, |
kufasayabitan†, kufasaibitan |
kufakoo neeyabiran†, kufakoo neebiran |
kufakoo neeyabirantan†, kufakoo neebirantan |
|
ATT |
kufasayabiyuru†, kufasaibiyuru†, |
kufasayabitaru, kufasaibitaru |
kufakoo neeyabirantaru†, kufakoo neebirantaru |
||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
kufasami |
kufasatii |
kufakoo neeni, kufakoo neerani |
kufakoo neentii, kufakoo neerantii |
|
Conjecture |
PRED |
kufasan nee sun |
kufasatan nee sun |
kufakoo neen nee sun, kufakoo neeran nee sun |
kufakoo neentan nee sun, kufakoo neerantan nee sun |
† These forms are considered literary.
Adjective paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：かたい【硬い・固い・堅い・緊い】、こわい【強い】、ふわである【不和である】