🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
かたさん【固さん・堅さん】 : katasan | define meaning
katasan
Pronunciation: [katasaŋ̍]
Definition
Sa-Adjective
- Hard; solid
- Tough; stiff; firm
- Dark
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese かたい【硬い・固い・堅い・緊い】 katai "hard".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 固さん 堅さん |
| Kana | かたさん |
| Romanization | katasan |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [katasaŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
katasan |
katasatan |
katakoo neen, katakoo neeran |
katakoo neentan, katakoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
katasaru |
katasataru |
katakoo neentaru, katakoo neerantaru |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
kata- |
|
Dictionary |
katasan |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
katasaru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
katasa- |
|
Noun form |
katasa |
|
Adverbial form |
kataku |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
katakoo |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
katakoo |
|
Conjunctive |
katasati |
|
Continuative |
katasai |
|
Conditional |
katasaree |
|
Provisional conditional |
katasaraa |
|
Consequential |
katasanu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive conditional |
katati-n |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
To become... |
kataku nain |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive |
katasa-shiga |
|
Topicalized concessive |
katasaa-a-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
katasa-kutu |
|
Nominalized |
katasa-shi |
|
Inferential |
katasa sun |
|
Questions |
katasa-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
katasayabiyun†, katasaibiyun†, |
katasayabitan†, katasaibitan |
katakoo neeyabiran†, katakoo neebiran |
katakoo neeyabirantan†, katakoo neebirantan |
|
ATT |
katasayabiyuru†, katasaibiyuru†, |
katasayabitaru, katasaibitaru |
katakoo neeyabirantaru†, katakoo neebirantaru |
||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
katasami |
katasatii |
katakoo neeni, katakoo neerani |
katakoo neentii, katakoo neerantii |
|
Conjecture |
PRED |
katasan nee sun |
katasatan nee sun |
katakoo neen nee sun, katakoo neeran nee sun |
katakoo neentan nee sun, katakoo neerantan nee sun |
† These forms are considered literary.
Adjective paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：かたい【硬い・固い・堅い・緊い】、こい【濃い】