🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
かなさん【愛さん・悲さん・哀さん】 : kanasan | define meaning
kanasan
Pronunciation: [kanasaŋ̍]
Definition
Sa-Adjective
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese かなしい【悲しい・哀しい】 kanashii "sad, sorrowful" (compare かなしみ【悲しみ・哀しみ・愛しみ】 kanashimi "affection; love"). In Okinawan, the kanji 【愛】 is used by association with the Japanese terms あいす【愛す】 aisu, あいする【愛する】 aisuru "to love" and いとしい【愛しい】 itoshii "lovely, dear".
Notes
Although the Kanji 【悲さん・哀さん】 are etymologically correct and do reveal the term's pronunciation more clearly, they should be avoided, as they translingually imply a sense of grief, sorrow and anguish. The kanji form 【愛さん】 has already made inroads and should be favoured as a result.
Derived verb:
かなさすん【愛さすん・悲さすん・哀さすん】 kanasasun "to hold (someone) dear; to love".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 愛さん 悲さん 哀さん |
| Kana | かなさん |
| Romanization | kanasan |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [kanasaŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
kanasan, kanashan† |
kanasatan, kanashatan† |
kanashikoo neen, kanashikoo neeran |
kanashikoo neentan, kanashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
kanasaru |
kanasataru, kanashataru† |
kanashikoo neentaru, kanashikoo neerantaru |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
kana- |
|
Dictionary |
kanasan, kanashan† |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
kanasaru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
kanasa- |
|
Noun form |
kanasa |
|
Adverbial form |
kanashiku |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
kanashikoo |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
kanashikoo |
|
Conjunctive |
kanasati, kanashati† |
|
Continuative |
kanasai |
|
Conditional |
kanasaree |
|
Provisional conditional |
kanasaraa |
|
Consequential |
kanasanu, kanashanu† |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive conditional |
kanati-n |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
To become... |
kanashiku nain |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive |
kanasa-shiga |
|
Topicalized concessive |
kanasaa-a-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
kanasa-kutu |
|
Nominalized |
kanasa-shi |
|
Inferential |
kanasa sun |
|
Questions |
kanasa-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
kanasayabiyun†, kanasaibiyun†, |
kanasayabitan†, kanasaibitan |
kanashikoo neeyabiran†, kanashikoo neebiran |
kanashikoo neeyabirantan†, kanashikoo neebirantan |
|
ATT |
kanasayabiyuru†, kanasaibiyuru†, |
kanasayabitaru, kanasaibitaru |
kanashikoo neeyabirantaru†, kanashikoo neebirantaru |
||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
kanasami, kanashami† |
kanasatii, kanashatii |
kanashikoo neeni, kanashikoo neerani |
kanashikoo neentii, kanashikoo neerantii |
|
Conjecture |
PRED |
kanasan nee sun, kanashan nee sun† |
kanasatan nee sun, kanashatan nee sun† |
kanashikoo neen nee sun, kanashikoo neeran nee sun |
kanashikoo neentan nee sun, kanashikoo neerantan nee sun |
† These forms are considered literary.
Adjective paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：いとしい【愛しい】、かわいい【可愛い】、あいする【愛する】