🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
いきらさん : ikirasan | define meaning
ikirasan
Pronunciation: [ʔikiɾasaŋ̍]
Definition
Sa-Adjective
- Few; fewer; less; very little; not so many
Etymology
Northern Ryukyuan cognates include Kikai (Onotsu) おーじらん oojiran; Kikai (Kamikatetsu) えーらさ eerasa; Kikai (China) いきゃさん ikyasan; Amami (Sani) いきらか ikiraka; Amami (Naze) いきらさーん ikirasaan; Amami (Setouchi) いっきりゃさん ikkiryasan (note also いっきりゃく ikkiryaku); Amami (Saneku) いきらさﾑ ikirasam; Tokunoshima いきゃん ikyan; Tokunoshima (Asami) いきらーはい ikiraahai and いっきゃーはい ikkyaahai; Tokunoshima (Inokawa) せィがはん sïgahan; Okinoerabu いちゃさん ichasan (compare also いくさん ikusan "small"); Yoron いらさん irasan; Okinawa (Izena, Ōgimi) いきらはん ikirahan; Okinawa (Iejima) いきらーさん ikiraasan; Okinawa (Iheya) いけらさん ikerasan; Okinawa (Yonamine) ひけーらせん hikeerasen; Okinawa (Nakijin) いけらせー ikerasee; Okinawa (Nago) いけらはん ikerahan; Okinawa (Kin) いけらーん ikeraan; Okinawa (Uruma) いきらはい ikirahai; Okinawa (Shuri, Naha, Kadena, Itoman, Tomigusuku) and Yaeyama (Ishigaki) いきらさん ikirasan; Okinawa (Kudaka) いきららん ikiraran "few".
Southern Ryukyuan cognates include Tarama-Minna いきらかしゃーﾙ ikirakashaal and いきらしゃーﾙ ikirashaal; Miyako いきゃら ikyara; Miyako (Hirara) いきゃらかﾙ ikyarakaɿ; Yaeyama (Taketomi) いしゃーせェん ishaasën; Yaeyama (Hateruma) いしゃがはん ishagahan; Yaeyama (Kohama) いしゃかはーん ishakahaan (also いさかはーん isakahaan); Yaeyama (Hatoma) いせィかーん isïkaan; Yaeyama (Kuroshima) いしかは ishikaha; Yaeyama (Aragusuku) いひゃっさーん ihyassaan and ひゃーっさん hyaassan; Yaeyama (Iriomote: Funauki) いしかい ishikai; Yonaguni さがん sagan "few".
Historically attested in the 琉球訳 Ryūkyū-yaku (1800) and the 中山伝信録 Chūzan denshinroku (1720) under the Chinese spelling 一革拉熟 *ikəlasa and the definition of 少 "few".
Origin uncertain.
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kana | いきらさん |
| Romanization | ikirasan |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [ʔikiɾasaŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
ikirasan |
ikirasatan |
ikirakoo neen, ikirakoo neeran |
ikirakoo neentan, ikirakoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
ikirasaru |
ikirasataru |
ikirakoo neentaru, ikirakoo neerantaru |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
ikira- |
|
Dictionary |
ikirasan |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
ikirasaru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
ikirasa- |
|
Noun form |
ikirasa |
|
Adverbial form |
ikiraku |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
ikirakoo |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
ikirakoo |
|
Conjunctive |
ikirasati |
|
Continuative |
ikirasai |
|
Conditional |
ikirasaree |
|
Provisional conditional |
ikirasaraa |
|
Consequential |
ikirasanu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive conditional |
ikirati-n |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
To become... |
ikiraku nain |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive |
ikirasa-shiga |
|
Topicalized concessive |
ikirasaa-a-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
ikirasa-kutu |
|
Nominalized |
ikirasa-shi |
|
Inferential |
ikirasa sun |
|
Questions |
ikirasa-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
ikirasayabiyun†, ikirasaibiyun†, |
ikirasayabitan†, ikirasaibitan |
ikirakoo neeyabiran†, ikirakoo neebiran |
ikirakoo neeyabirantan†, ikirakoo neebirantan |
|
ATT |
ikirasayabiyuru†, ikirasaibiyuru†, |
ikirasayabitaru, ikirasaibitaru |
ikirakoo neeyabirantaru†, ikirakoo neebirantaru |
||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
ikirasami |
ikirasatii |
ikirakoo neeni, ikirakoo neerani |
ikirakoo neentii, ikirakoo neerantii |
|
Conjecture |
PRED |
ikirasan nee sun |
ikirasatan nee sun |
ikirakoo neen nee sun, ikirakoo neeran nee sun |
ikirakoo neentan nee sun, ikirakoo neerantan nee sun |
† These forms are considered literary.
Adjective paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：すくない【少ない・寡い・尠い】、おおくない【多くない】