🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)

むちかさん【難さん】 : muchikasan | define meaning

muchikasan

Pronunciation: [mut͡ɕikasaŋ̍]

Definition

Sa-Adjective

Difficult; hard; tough; hopeless
1. むちかさんやー【難さんやー】
  muchikasan yaa
  "It's quite difficult eh"
2. くれー、むるむちかしこーねーん【此れー、むる難しこーねーん】
  kuree, muru muchikashikooneen
  "This isn't difficult at all"

Etymology

Cognate with standard Japanese むつかしい【難しい】 mutsukashii and its more common variant むずかしい muzukashii "difficult".

Spelling

Orthography	Form
Kanji	難さん
Kana	むちかさん
Romanization	muchikasan
Pronunciation (IPA)	[mut͡ɕikasaŋ̍]

Verb Paradigm

Central Okinawan sa (shiku)-type adjective: **muchikasan**
		Imperfective	Perfective	Negative	Negative Perfective
Indicative	PRED	muchikasan, muchikashan†	muchikasatan, muchikashatan†	muchikashikoo neen, muchikashikoo neeran	muchikashikoo neentan, muchikashikoo neerantan
Indicative	ATT	muchikasaru	muchikasataru, muchikashataru†	muchikashikoo neen, muchikashikoo neeran	muchikashikoo neentaru, muchikashikoo neerantaru

Base forms
Form	Construction
Root	muchika-
Dictionary	muchikasan, muchikashan†
Attributive or Adnominal	muchikasaru
Apocopated (indicative imperfective)	muchikasa-
Noun form	muchikasa
Adverbial form	muchikashiku
Topicalized adverbial form	muchikashikoo
Topicalized adverbial form	muchikashikoo
Conjunctive	muchikasati, muchikashati†
Continuative	muchikasai
Conditional	muchikasaree
Provisional conditional	muchikasaraa
Consequential	muchikasanu, muchikashanu†

Common conjunctive constructions
Form	Construction
Concessive conditional	muchikati-n

Common adverbial constructions
Form	Construction
To become...	muchikashiku nain

Common apocopated constructions
Form	Construction
Concessive	muchikasa-shiga
Topicalized concessive	muchikasaa-a-shiga
Cause-effect	muchikasa-kutu
Nominalized	muchikasa-shi
Inferential	muchikasa sun
Questions	muchikasa-ga

Other constructions
Form		Imperfective	Perfective	Negative	Negative perfective
Polite	PRED	muchikasayabiyun†, muchikasayabiin†, muchikasaibiyun†, muchikasaibiin	muchikasayabitan†, muchikasaibitan	muchikashikoo neeyabiran†, muchikashikoo neebiran	muchikashikoo neeyabirantan†, muchikashikoo neebirantan
Polite	ATT	muchikasayabiyuru†, muchikasayabiiru†, muchikasaibiyuru†, muchikasaibiiru	muchikasayabitaru, muchikasaibitaru	muchikashikoo neeyabiran†, muchikashikoo neebiran	muchikashikoo neeyabirantaru†, muchikashikoo neebirantaru
Polar questions	PRED	muchikasami, muchikashami†	muchikasatii, muchikashatii	muchikashikoo neeni, muchikashikoo neerani	muchikashikoo neentii, muchikashikoo neerantii
Conjecture	PRED	muchikasan nee sun, muchikashan nee sun†	muchikasatan nee sun, muchikashatan nee sun†	muchikashikoo neen nee sun, muchikashikoo neeran nee sun	muchikashikoo neentan nee sun, muchikashikoo neerantan nee sun

† These forms are considered literary.

Adjective paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:

Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.

意味：むずかしい・むつかしい【難しい】

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難さん

Tags: Okinawan Language, Uchinaaguchi, Ryukyuan Languages, 沖縄方言, 沖縄語, うちなーぐち, 沖縄口, 琉球方言, 琉球語...

Cite this entry: Read, Zachary. (2026, June 21). むちかさん【難さん】 : muchikasan | define meaning. JLect: Japonic Languages and Dialects Database. Retrieved 2026, June 26, from https://www.jlect.com/entry/642/muchikasan/.