🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
くぃーん【呉ん・呉ーん】 : kwiin | define meaning
kwiin
Pronunciation: [kʷiːŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To give; to bestow
- (After another verb) To do something for (someone)
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese くれる【呉れる】 kureru "to give".
Historical Ryukyuan attestations
- Vocabulary of the language spoken at the Great Loo-Choo Island, in the Japan Sea (1818), by Herbert John Clifford, records "Give, to. Queéoong", "Will you give me. Wang yee quírree", "Will you give me that. Wang yee quírree", "I gave him some paper. A'ree nee queétang" and "By and by I will give it to my children. Atookárra qua gnee queéoong".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 呉ん 呉ーん |
| Kana | くぃーん |
| New Okinawa Moji | 惘ーん |
| Romanization | kwiin |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [kʷiːŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
kwiyun, kwiin |
kwitan |
kwiran |
kwirantan |
|
ATT |
kwiyuru, kwiiru |
kwitaru |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
kwitoon |
kwitootan |
kwiteewuran |
kwiteewurantan |
|
ATT |
kwitooru |
kwitootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
kwirasun |
kwirachan |
kwirasan |
kwirasantan |
|
ATT |
kwirasuru |
kwiracharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
kwirariyun, |
kwiraritan, |
kwirariran, |
kwirarirantan, |
|
ATT |
kwirariyuru, |
kwiraritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
kwirasariyun, |
kwirasaritan |
kwirasariran |
kwirasarirantan |
|
ATT |
kwirasariyuru, |
kwirasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
kwiteen |
kwiteetan |
kwiteeneen |
kwiteeneentan |
|
ATT |
kwiteeru |
kwiteetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
kwitoochun |
kwitoochan |
kwiteeukan |
kwiteeukantan |
|
ATT |
kwitoochuru |
kwitoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
kwir- |
|
Dictionary |
kwiyun, kwiin |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
kwiyuru, kwiiru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
kwiyu-, kwii- |
|
Adverbial |
kwii |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
kwira |
|
Conjunctive |
kwiti |
|
Representative |
kwitai |
|
Imperative |
kwiri, |
|
Conditional |
kwiree |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
kwiyuru haji, kwiiru haji |
|
So as to... |
kwiyuru gutu, kwiiru gutu |
|
Before... |
kwiyuru mee, kwiiru mee |
|
While... |
kwiyuru qweeda, kwiyuru-qweema, kwiiru qweeda, kwiiru-qweema |
|
Purpose |
kwiyuru tami ni, kwiiru tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
kwiti-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
kwiti-kwiin |
|
Completive |
kwiti-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
kwiti-n |
|
After... |
kwiti-kara |
|
After... |
kwiti-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
kwii-busan |
kwii-busantan |
kwii-bushikoo neen, kwii-bushikoo neeran |
kwii-bushikoo neentan, kwii-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
kwii-busaru |
kwii-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
kwii-yassan |
kwii-yassantan |
kwii-yashikoo neen, kwii-yashikoo neeran |
kwii-yashikoo neentan, kwii-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
kwii-yassaru |
kwii-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
kwii-gurisan |
kwii-gurisantan |
kwii-gurikoo neen, kwii-gurikoo neeran |
kwii-gurikoo neentan, kwii-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
kwii-gurisaru |
kwii-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
kwii-misheen, kwi-misheen |
kwii-misheentan, kwi-misheentan |
kwii-misooran, kwi-misooran |
kwii-misoorantan, kwi-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
kwii-misheeru, kwi-misheeru |
kwii-misheetaru, kwi-misheetaru, kwii-misoocharu, kwi-misoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
kwii-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
kwiyu-tan, kwii-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
kwiyu-shi, kwii-shi |
|
Concessive |
kwiyu-shiga, kwii-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
kwiyu-kutu, kwii-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
kwiyu-na, kwii-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
kwiyu-ra kwii-ra |
|
Questions |
kwiyu-ga, kwii-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
kwiyabiyun, kwiibiyun, |
kwiyabitan, kwiibitan |
kwiyabiran, kwiibiran |
kwiyabirantan, kwiibirantan |
|
ATT |
kwiyabiyuru, kwiibiyuru, |
kwiyabitaru, kwiibitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
kwiyumi, kwiimi |
kwitii |
kwirani |
kwirantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：くれる【呉れる】