🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
わらいん【笑いん】 : warain | define meaning
warain
Pronunciation: [waɾaiŋ̍]
Definition
Noun
- To laugh; to chuckle
- To smile; to grin
Etymology
Cognate to standard Japanese わらう【笑う】 warau (ibid.).
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 笑いん |
| Kana | わらいん |
| Romanization | warain |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [waɾaiŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
warayun, warain |
waratan |
waraan, wararan |
waraantan, wararantan |
|
ATT |
warayuru, warairu |
warataru |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
waratoon |
waratootan |
warateewuran |
warateewurantan |
|
ATT |
waratooru |
waratootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
waraasun |
waraachan |
waraasan |
waraasantan |
|
ATT |
waraasuru |
waraacharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
waraariyun, |
waraaritan, |
waraariran, |
waraarirantan, |
|
ATT |
waraariyuru, |
waraaritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
waraasariyun, |
waraasaritan |
waraasariran |
waraasarirantan |
|
ATT |
waraasariyuru, |
waraasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
warateen |
warateetan |
warateeneen |
warateeneentan |
|
ATT |
warateeru |
warateetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
waratoochun |
waratoochan |
warateeukan |
warateeukantan |
|
ATT |
waratoochuru |
waratoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
wara- |
|
Dictionary |
warayun, warain |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
warayuru, warairu |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
warayu-, warai- |
|
Adverbial |
warai, waree |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
warara |
|
Conjunctive |
warati |
|
Representative |
waratai |
|
Imperative |
warari, |
|
Conditional |
wararee |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
warayuru haji, warairu haji |
|
So as to... |
warayuru gutu, warairu gutu |
|
Before... |
warayuru mee, warairu mee |
|
While... |
warayuru qweeda, warayuru-qweema, warairu qweeda, warairu-qweema |
|
Purpose |
warayuru tami ni, warairu tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
warati-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
warati-kwiin |
|
Completive |
warati-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
warati-n |
|
After... |
warati-kara |
|
After... |
warati-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
warai-busan, waree-busan |
warai-busantan, waree-busantan |
warai-bushikoo neen, waree-bushikoo neen, warai-bushikoo neeran waree-bushikoo neeran |
warai-bushikoo neentan, waree-bushikoo neentan, warai-bushikoo neerantan waree-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
warai-busaru, waree-busaru |
warai-busataru, waree-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
warai-yassan, waree-yassan |
warai-yassantan, waree-yassantan |
warai-yashikoo neen, waree-yashikoo neen, warai-yashikoo neeran, waree-yashikoo neeran |
warai-yashikoo neentan, waree-yashikoo neentan, warai-yashikoo neerantan, waree-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
warai-yassaru, waree-yassaru |
warai-yassataru, waree-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
warai-gurisan, waree-gurisan |
warai-gurisantan, waree-gurisantan |
warai-gurikoo neen, waree-gurikoo neen, warai-gurikoo neeran, waree-gurikoo neeran |
warai-gurikoo neentan, waree-gurikoo neentan, warai-gurikoo neerantan, waree-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
warai-gurisaru, waree-gurisaru |
warai-gurisataru, waree-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
warai-misheen, waree-misheen |
warai-misheentan, waree-misheentan |
warai-misooran, waree-misooran |
warai-misoorantan, waree-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
warai-misheeru, waree-misheeru |
warai-misheetaru, waree-misheetaru, warai-misoocharu, waree-misoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
warai-gachii, waree-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
warayu-tan, warai-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
warayu-shi, warai-shi |
|
Concessive |
warayu-shiga, warai-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
warayu-kutu, warai-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
warayu-na, warai-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
warayu-raa warai-raa |
|
Questions |
warayu-ga, warai-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
warayabiyun, waraibiyun, |
warayabitan, waraibitan |
warayabiran, waraibiran |
warayabirantan, waraibirantan |
|
ATT |
warayabiyuru, waraibiyuru, |
warayabitaru, waraibitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
warayumi, waraimi |
waratii |
waraani |
waraantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：わらう【笑う】