🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
いすじゅん【急じゅん】 : isujun | define meaning
isujun
Pronunciation: [ʔisud͡ʑuŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To hurry; to hasten; to rush; to be in a hurry; to make haste
Etymology
Cognate to Nagano えそぐ esogu; Kagoshima いそっ isoq; Okinoerabu いしゅがゆん ishugayun; Okinawan いすじゅん isujun; Miyako いすぐｽﾞ isugɿ; Miyako (Nishihara) いすー isuu; Yaeyama (Hatoma) いすぐん isugun; Yonaguni いすぐん isugun; and standard Japanese いそぐ【急ぐ】 isogu "to hurry". Possibly also connected to Western Japanese せく seku "to hurry".
Historical Japanese attestations:
- 万葉集 Man'yōshū (759) [MYS.20.4337] records 已蘇岐 iswogi (iso1gi, isôgi), glossed as "hurry".
- 日葡辞書 Nippo Jisho (1603) records "Isogui, -u, -oida. Apressarse", translated as "to hurry (up)".
- An English and Japanese and Japanese and English Vocabulary (1830), by Walter Henry Medhurst, records "Isogf'... To haste, to speed, rapid" and "to hurry".
- Wayaku Ei jisho = English-Japanese dictionary (1869) records "Hurry, -ied, -ying... 急がす、急ぐ".
Historical Ryukyuan attestations:
- English-Loochooan Dictionary (1846-1851), by Bernard Jean Bettelheim, records the noun "issugi" and the verbs "issugïung" and "issugashung" under the entry "hurry".
- Essay in Aid of a Grammmar and Dictionary of the Luchuan Language (1895), by Basil Hall Chamberlain, records the form "isugaa" (Japanese isogeba) translated as "if you are in a hurry".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 急じゅん |
| Kana | いすじゅん |
| Romanization | isujun |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [ʔisud͡ʑuŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
isujun |
isujan |
isugan |
isugantan |
|
ATT |
isujuru |
isujaru |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
isujoon |
isujootan |
isujeewuran |
isujeewurantan |
|
ATT |
isujooru |
isujootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
isugasun |
isugachan |
isugasan |
isugasantan |
|
ATT |
isugasuru |
isugacharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
isugariyun, |
isugaritan, |
isugariran, |
isugarirantan, |
|
ATT |
isugariyuru, |
isugaritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
isugasariyun, |
isugasaritan |
isugasariran |
isugasarirantan |
|
ATT |
isugasariyuru, |
isugasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
isujeen |
isujeetan |
isujeeneen |
isujeeneentan |
|
ATT |
isujeeru |
isujeetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
isujoochun |
isujoochan |
isujeeukan |
isujeeukantan |
|
ATT |
isujoochuru |
isujoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
isug- |
|
Dictionary |
isujun |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
isujuru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
isuju- |
|
Adverbial |
isuji |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
isuga |
|
Conjunctive |
isuji |
|
Representative |
isujai |
|
Imperative |
isugi, |
|
Conditional |
isugee |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
isujuru haji |
|
So as to... |
isujuru gutu |
|
Before... |
isujuru mee |
|
While... |
isujuru qweeda, isujuru-qweema |
|
Purpose |
isujuru tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
isuji-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
isuji-kwiin |
|
Completive |
isuji-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
isuji-n |
|
After... |
isuji-kara |
|
After... |
isuji-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
isuji-busan |
isuji-busantan |
isuji-bushikoo neen, isuji-bushikoo neeran |
isuji-bushikoo neentan, isuji-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
isuji-busaru |
isuji-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
isuji-yassan |
isuji-yassantan |
isuji-yashikoo neen, isuji-yashikoo neeran |
isuji-yashikoo neentan, isuji-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
isuji-yassaru |
isuji-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
isuji-gurisan |
isuji-gurisantan |
isuji-gurikoo neen, isuji-gurikoo neeran |
isuji-gurikoo neentan, isuji-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
isuji-gurisaru |
isuji-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
isuji-misheen |
isuji-misheentan |
isuji-misooran |
isuji-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
isuji-misheeru |
isuji-misheetaru, |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
isuji-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
isuju-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
isuju-shi |
|
Concessive |
isuju-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
isuju-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
isuju-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
isuju-raa |
|
Questions |
isuju-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
isujabiyun, |
isujabitan |
isujabiran |
isujabirantan |
|
ATT |
isujabiyuru, |
isujabitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
isujumi |
isujii |
isugani |
isugantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：いそぐ【急ぐ】