🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
とーりーん【倒りーん・斃りーん・仆りーん・殪りーん】 : tooriin | define meaning
tooriin
Pronunciation: [toːɾiːŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To fall
- To collapse
- To die; to perish
- To go bankrupt
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese たおれる【倒れる・斃れる・仆れる・殪れる】 taoreru "to fall".
Historical Ryukyuan attestations
- Vocabulary of the language spoken at the Great Loo-Choo Island, in the Japan Sea (1818), by Herbert John Clifford, records "Fall, to. Taw'shoong, or Taw'ring" and "The horse fell down, and the tayin broke his finger. Ma táwrittee táyin noo eébee oótee".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 倒りーん 斃りーん 仆りーん 殪りーん |
| Kana | とーりーん |
| Romanization | tooriin |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [toːɾiːŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
tooriyun, tooriin |
tooritan |
tooriran |
toorirantan |
|
ATT |
tooriyuru, tooriiru |
tooritaru |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
tooritoon |
tooritootan |
tooriteewuran |
tooriteewurantan |
|
ATT |
tooritooru |
tooritootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
toorirasun |
toorirachan |
toorirasan |
toorirasantan |
|
ATT |
toorirasuru |
tooriracharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
toorirariyun, |
tooriraritan, |
toorirariran, |
toorirarirantan, |
|
ATT |
toorirariyuru, |
tooriraritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
toorirasariyun, |
toorirasaritan |
toorirasariran |
toorirasarirantan |
|
ATT |
toorirasariyuru, |
toorirasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
tooriteen |
tooriteetan |
tooriteeneen |
tooriteeneentan |
|
ATT |
tooriteeru |
tooriteetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
tooritoochun |
tooritoochan |
tooriteeukan |
tooriteeukantan |
|
ATT |
tooritoochuru |
tooritoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
toorir- |
|
Dictionary |
tooriyun, tooriin |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
tooriyuru, tooriiru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
tooriyu-, toorii- |
|
Adverbial |
toorii |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
toorira |
|
Conjunctive |
tooriti |
|
Representative |
tooritai |
|
Imperative |
tooriri, |
|
Conditional |
tooriree |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
tooriyuru haji, tooriiru haji |
|
So as to... |
tooriyuru gutu, tooriiru gutu |
|
Before... |
tooriyuru mee, tooriiru mee |
|
While... |
tooriyuru qweeda, tooriyuru-qweema, tooriiru qweeda, tooriiru-qweema |
|
Purpose |
tooriyuru tami ni, tooriiru tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
tooriti-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
tooriti-kwiin |
|
Completive |
tooriti-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
tooriti-n |
|
After... |
tooriti-kara |
|
After... |
tooriti-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
toorii-busan |
toorii-busantan |
toorii-bushikoo neen, toorii-bushikoo neeran |
toorii-bushikoo neentan, toorii-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
toorii-busaru |
toorii-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
toorii-yassan |
toorii-yassantan |
toorii-yashikoo neen, toorii-yashikoo neeran |
toorii-yashikoo neentan, toorii-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
toorii-yassaru |
toorii-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
toorii-gurisan |
toorii-gurisantan |
toorii-gurikoo neen, toorii-gurikoo neeran |
toorii-gurikoo neentan, toorii-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
toorii-gurisaru |
toorii-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
toorii-misheen, toori-misheen |
toorii-misheentan, toori-misheentan |
toorii-misooran, toori-misooran |
toorii-misoorantan, toori-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
toorii-misheeru, toori-misheeru |
toorii-misheetaru, toori-misheetaru, toorii-misoocharu, toori-misoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
toorii-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
tooriyu-tan, toorii-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
tooriyu-shi, toorii-shi |
|
Concessive |
tooriyu-shiga, toorii-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
tooriyu-kutu, toorii-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
tooriyu-na, toorii-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
tooriyu-ra toorii-ra |
|
Questions |
tooriyu-ga, toorii-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
tooriyabiyun, tooriibiyun, |
tooriyabitan, tooriibitan |
tooriyabiran, tooriibiran |
tooriyabirantan, tooriibirantan |
|
ATT |
tooriyabiyuru, tooriibiyuru, |
tooriyabitaru, tooriibitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
tooriyumi, tooriimi |
tooritii |
toorirani |
toorirantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：たおれる【倒れる・斃れる・仆れる・殪れる】、たおる【倒る・斃る・仆る・殪る】