🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
とーすん【倒すん・斃すん・殪すん・仆すん】 : toosun | define meaning
toosun
Pronunciation: [toːsuŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To knock down; to bring down
- To cut down (a tree); to fell; to harvest
- To defeat
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese たおす【倒す・斃す・殪す・仆す】 taosu "to bring down".
Historical Ryukyuan attestations
- Vocabulary of the language spoken at the Great Loo-Choo Island, in the Japan Sea (1818), by Herbert John Clifford, records "Fall, to. Taw'shoong, or Taw'ring".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 倒すん 斃すん 殪すん 仆すん |
| Kana | とーすん |
| Romanization | toosun |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [toːsuŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
toosun |
toochan |
toosan |
toosantan |
|
ATT |
toosuru |
toocharu |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
toochoon |
toochootan |
toocheewuran |
toocheewurantan |
|
ATT |
toochooru |
toochootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
toosasun |
toosachan |
toosasan |
toosasantan |
|
ATT |
toosasuru |
toosacharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
toosariyun, |
toosaritan, |
toosariran, |
toosarirantan, |
|
ATT |
toosariyuru, |
toosaritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
toosasariyun, |
toosasaritan |
toosasariran |
toosasarirantan |
|
ATT |
toosasariyuru, |
toosasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
toocheen |
toocheetan |
toocheeneen |
toocheeneentan |
|
ATT |
toocheeru |
toocheetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
toochoochun |
toochoochan |
toocheeukan |
toocheeukantan |
|
ATT |
toochoochuru |
toochoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
toos- |
|
Dictionary |
toosun |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
toosuru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
toosu- |
|
Adverbial |
tooshi |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
toosa |
|
Conjunctive |
toochi |
|
Representative |
toochai |
|
Imperative |
tooshi, |
|
Conditional |
tooshee |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
toosuru haji |
|
So as to... |
toosuru gutu |
|
Before... |
toosuru mee |
|
While... |
toosuru qweeda, toosuru-qweema |
|
Purpose |
toosuru tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
toochi-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
toochi-kwiin |
|
Completive |
toochi-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
toochi-n |
|
After... |
toochi-kara |
|
After... |
toochi-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
tooshi-busan |
tooshi-busantan |
tooshi-bushikoo neen, tooshi-bushikoo neeran |
tooshi-bushikoo neentan, tooshi-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
tooshi-busaru |
tooshi-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
tooshi-yassan |
tooshi-yassantan |
tooshi-yashikoo neen, tooshi-yashikoo neeran |
tooshi-yashikoo neentan, tooshi-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
tooshi-yassaru |
tooshi-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
tooshi-gurisan |
tooshi-gurisantan |
tooshi-gurikoo neen, tooshi-gurikoo neeran |
tooshi-gurikoo neentan, tooshi-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
tooshi-gurisaru |
tooshi-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
tooshi-misheen |
tooshi-misheentan |
tooshi-misooran |
tooshi-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
tooshi-misheeru |
tooshi-misheetaru, |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
tooshi-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
toosu-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
toosu-shi |
|
Concessive |
toosu-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
toosu-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
toosu-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
toosu-raa |
|
Questions |
toosu-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
toosabiyun, |
toosabitan |
toosabiran |
toosabirantan |
|
ATT |
toosabiyuru, |
toosabitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
tooshumi |
toochii |
toosani |
toosantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：たおす【倒す・斃す・殪す・仆す】