🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
うとぅすん【落とぅすん・落すん】 : utusun | define meaning
utusun
Pronunciation: [ʔutusuŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To drop; to let fall
- To omit; to leave out
- To lose (something); to misplace
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese おとす【落とす・落す】 otosu "to drop".
Historical Ryukyuan attestations
- Vocabulary of the language spoken at the Great Loo-Choo Island, in the Japan Sea (1818), by Herbert John Clifford, records "Lose, to. Oótoochung" and "To lose a pencil. Hoódee oótoochung".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 落とぅすん 落すん |
| Kana | うとぅすん |
| New Okinawa Moji | う婢すん |
| Romanization | utusun |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [ʔutusuŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
utusun |
utuchan |
utusan |
utusantan |
|
ATT |
utusuru |
utucharu |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
utuchoon |
utuchootan |
utucheewuran |
utucheewurantan |
|
ATT |
utuchooru |
utuchootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
utusasun |
utusachan |
utusasan |
utusasantan |
|
ATT |
utusasuru |
utusacharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
utusariyun, |
utusaritan, |
utusariran, |
utusarirantan, |
|
ATT |
utusariyuru, |
utusaritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
utusasariyun, |
utusasaritan |
utusasariran |
utusasarirantan |
|
ATT |
utusasariyuru, |
utusasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
utucheen |
utucheetan |
utucheeneen |
utucheeneentan |
|
ATT |
utucheeru |
utucheetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
utuchoochun |
utuchoochan |
utucheeukan |
utucheeukantan |
|
ATT |
utuchoochuru |
utuchoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
utus- |
|
Dictionary |
utusun |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
utusuru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
utusu- |
|
Adverbial |
utushi |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
utusa |
|
Conjunctive |
utuchi |
|
Representative |
utuchai |
|
Imperative |
utushi, |
|
Conditional |
utushee |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
utusuru haji |
|
So as to... |
utusuru gutu |
|
Before... |
utusuru mee |
|
While... |
utusuru qweeda, utusuru-qweema |
|
Purpose |
utusuru tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
utuchi-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
utuchi-kwiin |
|
Completive |
utuchi-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
utuchi-n |
|
After... |
utuchi-kara |
|
After... |
utuchi-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
utushi-busan |
utushi-busantan |
utushi-bushikoo neen, utushi-bushikoo neeran |
utushi-bushikoo neentan, utushi-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
utushi-busaru |
utushi-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
utushi-yassan |
utushi-yassantan |
utushi-yashikoo neen, utushi-yashikoo neeran |
utushi-yashikoo neentan, utushi-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
utushi-yassaru |
utushi-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
utushi-gurisan |
utushi-gurisantan |
utushi-gurikoo neen, utushi-gurikoo neeran |
utushi-gurikoo neentan, utushi-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
utushi-gurisaru |
utushi-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
utushi-misheen |
utushi-misheentan |
utushi-misooran |
utushi-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
utushi-misheeru |
utushi-misheetaru, |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
utushi-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
utusu-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
utusu-shi |
|
Concessive |
utusu-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
utusu-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
utusu-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
utusu-raa |
|
Questions |
utusu-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
utusabiyun, |
utusabitan |
utusabiran |
utusabirantan |
|
ATT |
utusabiyuru, |
utusabitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
utushumi |
utuchii |
utusani |
utusantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：おとす【落とす・落す】