🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
とぅがいん【尖いん・尖がいん】 : tugain | define meaning
tugain
Pronunciation: [tuɡaiŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To sharpen to a point; to create a pointed tip; to taper to a pointed tip; to become pointed
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese とがる【尖る・尖がる】 togaru "to taper".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 尖いん 尖がいん |
| Kana | とぅがいん |
| New Okinawa Moji | 婢がいん |
| Romanization | tugain |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [tuɡaiŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
tugayun, tugain |
tugatan |
tugaran |
tugarantan |
|
ATT |
tugayuru, tugairu |
tugataru |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
tugatoon |
tugatootan |
tugateewuran |
tugateewurantan |
|
ATT |
tugatooru |
tugatootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
tugarasun |
tugarachan |
tugarasan |
tugarasantan |
|
ATT |
tugarasuru |
tugaracharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
tugarariyun, |
tugararitan, |
tugarariran, |
tugararirantan, |
|
ATT |
tugarariyuru, |
tugararitaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
tugarasariyun, |
tugarasaritan |
tugarasariran |
tugarasarirantan |
|
ATT |
tugarasariyuru, |
tugarasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
tugateen |
tugateetan |
tugateeneen |
tugateeneentan |
|
ATT |
tugateeru |
tugateetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
tugatoochun |
tugatoochan |
tugateeukan |
tugateeukantan |
|
ATT |
tugatoochuru |
tugatoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
tugar- |
|
Dictionary |
tugayun, tugain |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
tugayuru, tugairu |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
tugayu-, tugai- |
|
Adverbial |
tugai |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
tugara |
|
Conjunctive |
tugati |
|
Representative |
tugatai |
|
Imperative |
tugari, |
|
Conditional |
tugaree |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
tugayuru haji, tugairu haji |
|
So as to... |
tugayuru gutu, tugairu gutu |
|
Before... |
tugayuru mee, tugairu mee |
|
While... |
tugayuru qweeda, tugayuru-qweema, tugairu qweeda, tugairu-qweema |
|
Purpose |
tugayuru tami ni, tugairu tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
tugati-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
tugati-kwiin |
|
Completive |
tugati-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
tugati-n |
|
After... |
tugati-kara |
|
After... |
tugati-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
tugai-busan |
tugai-busantan |
tugai-bushikoo neen, tugai-bushikoo neeran |
tugai-bushikoo neentan, tugai-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
tugai-busaru |
tugai-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
tugai-yassan |
tugai-yassantan |
tugai-yashikoo neen, tugai-yashikoo neeran |
tugai-yashikoo neentan, tugai-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
tugai-yassaru |
tugai-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
tugai-gurisan |
tugai-gurisantan |
tugai-gurikoo neen, tugai-gurikoo neeran |
tugai-gurikoo neentan, tugai-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
tugai-gurisaru |
tugai-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
tugai-misheen, tuga-misheen |
tugai-misheentan, tuga-misheentan |
tugai-misooran, tuga-misooran |
tugai-misoorantan, tuga-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
tugai-misheeru, tuga-misheeru |
tugai-misheetaru, tuga-misheetaru, tugai-misoocharu, tuga-misoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
tugai-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
tugayu-tan, tugai-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
tugayu-shi, tugai-shi |
|
Concessive |
tugayu-shiga, tugai-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
tugayu-kutu, tugai-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
tugayu-na, tugai-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
tugayu-ra tugai-ra |
|
Questions |
tugayu-ga, tugai-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
tugayabiyun, tugaibiyun, |
tugayabitan, tugaibitan |
tugayabiran, tugaibiran |
tugayabirantan, tugaibirantan |
|
ATT |
tugayabiyuru, tugaibiyuru, |
tugayabitaru, tugaibitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
tugayumi, tugaimi |
tugatii |
tugarani |
tugarantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：とがる【尖る・尖がる】