🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
ほーいん【這いん・匍いん・延いん・爬いん】 : hooin | define meaning
hooin
Pronunciation: [hoːiŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To creep; to crawl; to scutter; to scuttle
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese はう【這う・匍う・延う・爬う】 hau "to creep".
Historical Ryukyuan attestations
- Vocabulary of the language spoken at the Great Loo-Choo Island, in the Japan Sea (1818), by Herbert John Clifford, records "Crab, to crawl as a. Hóyoong." and "Creep, to. Haw'yoong".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 這いん 匍いん 延いん 爬いん |
| Kana | ほーいん |
| Romanization | hooin |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [hoːiŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
hooyun, hooin |
hootan |
hooran |
hoorantan |
|
ATT |
hooyuru, hooiru |
hootaru |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
hootoon |
hootootan |
hooteewuran |
hooteewurantan |
|
ATT |
hootooru |
hootootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
hoorasun |
hoorachan |
hoorasan |
hoorasantan |
|
ATT |
hoorasuru |
hooracharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
hoorariyun, |
hooraritan, |
hoorariran, |
hoorarirantan, |
|
ATT |
hoorariyuru, |
hooraritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
hoorasariyun, |
hoorasaritan |
hoorasariran |
hoorasarirantan |
|
ATT |
hoorasariyuru, |
hoorasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
hooteen |
hooteetan |
hooteeneen |
hooteeneentan |
|
ATT |
hooteeru |
hooteetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
hootoochun |
hootoochan |
hooteeukan |
hooteeukantan |
|
ATT |
hootoochuru |
hootoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
hoor- |
|
Dictionary |
hooyun, hooin |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
hooyuru, hooiru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
hooyu-, hooi- |
|
Adverbial |
hooi |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
hoora |
|
Conjunctive |
hooti |
|
Representative |
hootai |
|
Imperative |
hoori, |
|
Conditional |
hooree |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
hooyuru haji, hooiru haji |
|
So as to... |
hooyuru gutu, hooiru gutu |
|
Before... |
hooyuru mee, hooiru mee |
|
While... |
hooyuru qweeda, hooyuru-qweema, hooiru qweeda, hooiru-qweema |
|
Purpose |
hooyuru tami ni, hooiru tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
hooti-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
hooti-kwiin |
|
Completive |
hooti-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
hooti-n |
|
After... |
hooti-kara |
|
After... |
hooti-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
hooi-busan |
hooi-busantan |
hooi-bushikoo neen, hooi-bushikoo neeran |
hooi-bushikoo neentan, hooi-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
hooi-busaru |
hooi-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
hooi-yassan |
hooi-yassantan |
hooi-yashikoo neen, hooi-yashikoo neeran |
hooi-yashikoo neentan, hooi-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
hooi-yassaru |
hooi-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
hooi-gurisan |
hooi-gurisantan |
hooi-gurikoo neen, hooi-gurikoo neeran |
hooi-gurikoo neentan, hooi-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
hooi-gurisaru |
hooi-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
hooi-misheen, hoo-misheen |
hooi-misheentan, hoo-misheentan |
hooi-misooran, hoo-misooran |
hooi-misoorantan, hoo-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
hooi-misheeru, hoo-misheeru |
hooi-misheetaru, hoo-misheetaru, hooi-misoocharu, hoo-misoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
hooi-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
hooyu-tan, hooi-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
hooyu-shi, hooi-shi |
|
Concessive |
hooyu-shiga, hooi-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
hooyu-kutu, hooi-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
hooyu-na, hooi-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
hooyu-ra hooi-ra |
|
Questions |
hooyu-ga, hooi-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
hooyabiyun, hooibiyun, |
hooyabitan, hooibitan |
hooyabiran, hooibiran |
hooyabirantan, hooibirantan |
|
ATT |
hooyabiyuru, hooibiyuru, |
hooyabitaru, hooibitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
hooyumi, hooimi |
hootii |
hoorani |
hoorantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：はう【這う・匍う・延う・爬う】