🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
すむちゅん【背ちゅん・叛ちゅん】 : sumuchun | define meaning
sumuchun
Pronunciation: [sumut͡ɕuŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To rebel; to oppose; to go against; to mutiny
- To turn one's back; to turn away
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese そむく【背く・叛く】 somuku "to rebel".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 背ちゅん 叛ちゅん |
| Kana | すむちゅん |
| Romanization | sumuchun |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [sumut͡ɕuŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
sumuchun |
sumuchan |
sumukan |
sumukantan |
|
ATT |
sumuchuru |
sumucharu |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
sumuchoon |
sumuchootan |
sumucheewuran |
sumucheewurantan |
|
ATT |
sumuchooru |
sumuchootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
sumukasun |
sumukachan |
sumukasan |
sumukasantan |
|
ATT |
sumukasuru |
sumukacharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
sumukariyun, |
sumukaritan, |
sumukariran, |
sumukarirantan, |
|
ATT |
sumukariyuru, |
sumukaritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
sumukasariyun, |
sumukasaritan |
sumukasariran |
sumukasarirantan |
|
ATT |
sumukasariyuru, |
sumukasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
sumucheen |
sumucheetan |
sumucheeneen |
sumucheeneentan |
|
ATT |
sumucheeru |
sumucheetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
sumuchoochun |
sumuchoochan |
sumucheeukan |
sumucheeukantan |
|
ATT |
sumuchoochuru |
sumuchoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
sumuk- |
|
Dictionary |
sumuchun |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
sumuchuru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
sumuchu- |
|
Adverbial |
sumuchi |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
sumuka |
|
Conjunctive |
sumuchi |
|
Representative |
sumuchai |
|
Imperative |
sumuki, |
|
Conditional |
sumukee |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
sumuchuru haji |
|
So as to... |
sumuchuru gutu |
|
Before... |
sumuchuru mee |
|
While... |
sumuchuru qweeda, sumunuru-qweema |
|
Purpose |
sumuchuru tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
sumuchi-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
sumuchi-kwiin |
|
Completive |
sumuchi-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
sumuchi-n |
|
After... |
sumuchi-kara |
|
After... |
sumuchi-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
sumuchi-busan |
sumuchi-busantan |
sumuchi-bushikoo neen, sumuchi-bushikoo neeran |
sumuchi-bushikoo neentan, sumuchi-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
sumuchi-busaru |
sumuchi-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
sumuchi-yassan |
sumuchi-yassantan |
sumuchi-yashikoo neen, sumuchi-yashikoo neeran |
sumuchi-yashikoo neentan, sumuchi-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
sumuchi-yassaru |
sumuchi-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
sumuchi-gurisan |
sumuchi-gurisantan |
sumuchi-gurikoo neen, sumuchi-gurikoo neeran |
sumuchi-gurikoo neentan, sumuchi-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
sumuchi-gurisaru |
sumuchi-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
sumuchi-misheen |
sumuchi-misheentan |
sumuchi-misooran |
sumuchi-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
sumuchi-misheeru |
sumuchi-misheetaru, |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
sumuchi-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
sumuchu-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
sumuchu-shi |
|
Concessive |
sumuchu-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
sumuchu-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
sumuchu-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
sumuchu-raa |
|
Questions |
sumuchu-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
sumuchabiyun, |
sumuchabitan |
sumuchabiran |
sumuchabirantan |
|
ATT |
sumuchabiyuru, |
sumuchabitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
sumuchumi |
sumuchii |
sumukani |
sumukantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：そむく【背く・叛く】、はんぎゃくする【反逆する・叛逆する】