🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
しにぬくいん【死に残いん・死残いん】 : shininukuin | define meaning
shininukuin
Pronunciation: [ɕininukuiŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To survive
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese しにのこる【死に残る】 shininokoru "to survive (while others around perish)".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 死に残いん 死残いん |
| Kana | しにぬくいん |
| Romanization | shininukuin |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [ɕininukuiŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
shininukuyun, shininukuin |
shininukutan |
shininukuran |
shininukurantan |
|
ATT |
shininukuyuru, shininukuiru |
shininukutaru |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
shininukutoon |
shininukutootan |
shininukuteewuran |
shininukuteewurantan |
|
ATT |
shininukutooru |
shininukutootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
shininukurasun |
shininukurachan |
shininukurasan |
shininukurasantan |
|
ATT |
shininukurasuru |
shininukuracharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
shininukurariyun, |
shininukuraritan, |
shininukurariran, |
shininukurarirantan, |
|
ATT |
shininukurariyuru, |
shininukuraritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
shininukurasariyun, |
shininukurasaritan |
shininukurasariran |
shininukurasarirantan |
|
ATT |
shininukurasariyuru, |
shininukurasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
shininukuteen |
shininukuteetan |
shininukuteeneen |
shininukuteeneentan |
|
ATT |
shininukuteeru |
shininukuteetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
shininukutoochun |
shininukutoochan |
shininukuteeukan |
shininukuteeukantan |
|
ATT |
shininukutoochuru |
shininukutoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
shininukur- |
|
Dictionary |
shininukuyun, shininukuin |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
shininukuyuru, shininukuiru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
shininukuyu-, shininukui- |
|
Adverbial |
shininukui |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
shininukura |
|
Conjunctive |
shininukuti |
|
Representative |
shininukutai |
|
Imperative |
shininukuri, |
|
Conditional |
shininukuree |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
shininukuyuru haji, shininukuiru haji |
|
So as to... |
shininukuyuru gutu, shininukuiru gutu |
|
Before... |
shininukuyuru mee, shininukuiru mee |
|
While... |
shininukuyuru qweeda, shininukuyuru-qweema, shininukuiru qweeda, shininukuiru-qweema |
|
Purpose |
shininukuyuru tami ni, shininukuiru tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
shininukuti-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
shininukuti-kwiin |
|
Completive |
shininukuti-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
shininukuti-n |
|
After... |
shininukuti-kara |
|
After... |
shininukuti-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
shininukui-busan |
shininukui-busantan |
shininukui-bushikoo neen, shininukui-bushikoo neeran |
shininukui-bushikoo neentan, shininukui-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
shininukui-busaru |
shininukui-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
shininukui-yassan |
shininukui-yassantan |
shininukui-yashikoo neen, shininukui-yashikoo neeran |
shininukui-yashikoo neentan, shininukui-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
shininukui-yassaru |
shininukui-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
shininukui-gurisan |
shininukui-gurisantan |
shininukui-gurikoo neen, shininukui-gurikoo neeran |
shininukui-gurikoo neentan, shininukui-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
shininukui-gurisaru |
shininukui-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
shininukui-misheen, shininuku-misheen |
shininukui-misheentan, shininuku-misheentan |
shininukui-misooran, shininuku-misooran |
shininukui-misoorantan, shininuku-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
shininukui-misheeru, shininuku-misheeru |
shininukui-misheetaru, shininuku-misheetaru, shininukui-misoocharu, shininuku-misoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
shininukui-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
shininukuyu-tan, shininukui-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
shininukuyu-shi, shininukui-shi |
|
Concessive |
shininukuyu-shiga, shininukui-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
shininukuyu-kutu, shininukui-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
shininukuyu-na, shininukui-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
shininukuyu-ra shininukui-ra |
|
Questions |
shininukuyu-ga, shininukui-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
shininukuyabiyun, shininukuibiyun, |
shininukuyabitan, shininukuibitan |
shininukuyabiran, shininukuibiran |
shininukuyabirantan, shininukuibirantan |
|
ATT |
shininukuyabiyuru, shininukuibiyuru, |
shininukuyabitaru, shininukuibitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
shininukuyumi, shininukuimi |
shininukutii |
shininukurani |
shininukurantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：いきのこる【生き残る】