🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
いちぬくいん【生ち残いん・生残いん】 : ichinukuin | define meaning
ichinukuin
Pronunciation: [ʔit͡ɕinukuiŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To survive
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese いきのこる【生き残る】 ikinokoru "to survive".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 生ち残いん 生残いん |
| Kana | いちぬくいん |
| Romanization | ichinukuin |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [ʔit͡ɕinukuiŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
ichinukuyun, ichinukuin |
ichinukutan |
ichinukuran |
ichinukurantan |
|
ATT |
ichinukuyuru, ichinukuiru |
ichinukutaru |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
ichinukutoon |
ichinukutootan |
ichinukuteewuran |
ichinukuteewurantan |
|
ATT |
ichinukutooru |
ichinukutootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
ichinukurasun |
ichinukurachan |
ichinukurasan |
ichinukurasantan |
|
ATT |
ichinukurasuru |
ichinukuracharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
ichinukurariyun, |
ichinukuraritan, |
ichinukurariran, |
ichinukurarirantan, |
|
ATT |
ichinukurariyuru, |
ichinukuraritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
ichinukurasariyun, |
ichinukurasaritan |
ichinukurasariran |
ichinukurasarirantan |
|
ATT |
ichinukurasariyuru, |
ichinukurasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
ichinukuteen |
ichinukuteetan |
ichinukuteeneen |
ichinukuteeneentan |
|
ATT |
ichinukuteeru |
ichinukuteetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
ichinukutoochun |
ichinukutoochan |
ichinukuteeukan |
ichinukuteeukantan |
|
ATT |
ichinukutoochuru |
ichinukutoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
ichinukur- |
|
Dictionary |
ichinukuyun, ichinukuin |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
ichinukuyuru, ichinukuiru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
ichinukuyu-, ichinukui- |
|
Adverbial |
ichinukui |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
ichinukura |
|
Conjunctive |
ichinukuti |
|
Representative |
ichinukutai |
|
Imperative |
ichinukuri, |
|
Conditional |
ichinukuree |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
ichinukuyuru haji, ichinukuiru haji |
|
So as to... |
ichinukuyuru gutu, ichinukuiru gutu |
|
Before... |
ichinukuyuru mee, ichinukuiru mee |
|
While... |
ichinukuyuru qweeda, ichinukuyuru-qweema, ichinukuiru qweeda, ichinukuiru-qweema |
|
Purpose |
ichinukuyuru tami ni, ichinukuiru tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
ichinukuti-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
ichinukuti-kwiin |
|
Completive |
ichinukuti-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
ichinukuti-n |
|
After... |
ichinukuti-kara |
|
After... |
ichinukuti-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
ichinukui-busan |
ichinukui-busantan |
ichinukui-bushikoo neen, ichinukui-bushikoo neeran |
ichinukui-bushikoo neentan, ichinukui-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
ichinukui-busaru |
ichinukui-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
ichinukui-yassan |
ichinukui-yassantan |
ichinukui-yashikoo neen, ichinukui-yashikoo neeran |
ichinukui-yashikoo neentan, ichinukui-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
ichinukui-yassaru |
ichinukui-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
ichinukui-gurisan |
ichinukui-gurisantan |
ichinukui-gurikoo neen, ichinukui-gurikoo neeran |
ichinukui-gurikoo neentan, ichinukui-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
ichinukui-gurisaru |
ichinukui-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
ichinukui-misheen, ichinuku-misheen |
ichinukui-misheentan, ichinuku-misheentan |
ichinukui-misooran, ichinuku-misooran |
ichinukui-misoorantan, ichinuku-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
ichinukui-misheeru, ichinuku-misheeru |
ichinukui-misheetaru, ichinuku-misheetaru, ichinukui-misoocharu, ichinuku-misoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
ichinukui-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
ichinukuyu-tan, ichinukui-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
ichinukuyu-shi, ichinukui-shi |
|
Concessive |
ichinukuyu-shiga, ichinukui-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
ichinukuyu-kutu, ichinukui-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
ichinukuyu-na, ichinukui-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
ichinukuyu-ra ichinukui-ra |
|
Questions |
ichinukuyu-ga, ichinukui-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
ichinukuyabiyun, ichinukuibiyun, |
ichinukuyabitan, ichinukuibitan |
ichinukuyabiran, ichinukuibiran |
ichinukuyabirantan, ichinukuibirantan |
|
ATT |
ichinukuyabiyuru, ichinukuibiyuru, |
ichinukuyabitaru, ichinukuibitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
ichinukuyumi, ichinukuimi |
ichinukutii |
ichinukurani |
ichinukurantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：いきのこる【生き残る】