🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
くるぬん【黒ぬん】 : kurunun | define meaning
kurunun
Pronunciation: [kuɾunuŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To become black; to blacken; to darken
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese くろむ【黒む】 kuromu "to blacken".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 黒ぬん |
| Kana | くるぬん |
| Romanization | kurunun |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [kuɾunuŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
kurumun,
|
kurudan |
kuruman |
kurumantan |
|
ATT |
kurumuru,
|
kurudaru |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
kurudoon |
kurudootan |
kurudeewuran |
kurudeewurantan |
|
ATT |
kurudooru |
kurudootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
kurumasun |
kurumachan |
kurumasan |
kurumasantan |
|
ATT |
kurumasuru |
kurumacharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
kurumariyun, |
kurumaritan, |
kurumariran, |
kurumarirantan, |
|
ATT |
kurumariyuru, |
kurumaritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
kurumasariyun, |
kurumasaritan |
kurumasariran |
kurumasarirantan |
|
ATT |
kurumasariyuru, |
kurumasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
kurudeen |
kurudeetan |
kurudeeneen |
kurudeeneentan |
|
ATT |
kurudeeru |
kurudeetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
kurudoochun |
kurudoochan |
kurudeeukan |
kurudeeukantan |
|
ATT |
kurudoochuru |
kurudoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
kurum- |
|
Dictionary |
kurumun, |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
kurumuru,
|
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
kurumu-,
|
|
Adverbial |
kurumi |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
kuruma |
|
Conjunctive |
kurudi |
|
Representative |
kurudai |
|
Imperative |
kurumi, |
|
Conditional |
kurumee |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
kurumuru haji,
|
|
So as to... |
kurumuru gutu,
|
|
Before... |
kurumuru mee,
|
|
While... |
kurumuru qweeda, kurumuru-qweema,
|
|
Purpose |
kurumuru tami ni,
|
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
kurudi-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
kurudi-kwiin |
|
Completive |
kurudi-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
kurudi-n |
|
After... |
kurudi-kara |
|
After... |
kurudi-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
kurumi-busan |
kurumi-busantan |
kurumi-bushikoo neen, kurumi-bushikoo neeran |
kurumi-bushikoo neentan, kurumi-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
kurumi-busaru |
kurumi-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
kurumi-yassan |
kurumi-yassantan |
kurumi-yashikoo neen, kurumi-yashikoo neeran |
kurumi-yashikoo neentan, kurumi-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
kurumi-yassaru |
kurumi-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
kurumi-gurisan |
kurumi-gurisantan |
kurumi-gurikoo neen, kurumi-gurikoo neeran |
kurumi-gurikoo neentan, kurumi-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
kurumi-gurisaru |
kurumi-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
kurumi-misheen |
kurumi-misheentan |
kurumi-misooran |
kurumi-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
kurumi-misheeru |
kurumi-misheetaru, |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
kurumi-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
kurumu-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
kurumu-shi |
|
Concessive |
kurumu-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
kurumu-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
kurumu-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
kurumu-raa |
|
Questions |
kurumu-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
kurumabiyun, |
kurumabitan |
kurumabiran |
kurumabirantan |
|
ATT |
kurumabiyuru, |
kurumabitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
kurumumi |
kurudii |
kurumani |
kurumantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：くろくなる【黒くなる】、くろずむ【黒ずむ】、くろむ【黒む】