🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
ゆどぅぬん【淀ぬん・澱ぬん】 : yudunun | define meaning
yudunun
Pronunciation: [judunuŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To stagnate; to be stagnant; to stand still
- To stand still; to linger; to remain
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese よどむ【淀む・澱む】 yodomu "to stagnate".
Historical Ryukyuan attestations
- 混効験集 Konkoukenshuu (1711), "Words of the Royal Palace", records "「よとむ」不行（ヨドム）".
- 沖縄語典 Okinawa goten (Okinawan language dictionary) (1896), by Masayo Nakamoto, records "「ゆどゥむ」淀（ヨドム）、澱、滞る".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 淀ぬん 澱ぬん |
| Kana | ゆどぅぬん |
| New Okinawa Moji | ゆ嬨ぬん |
| Romanization | yudunun |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [judunuŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
yudumun,
|
yududan |
yuduman |
yudumantan |
|
ATT |
yudumuru,
|
yududaru |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
yududoon |
yududootan |
yududeewuran |
yududeewurantan |
|
ATT |
yududooru |
yududootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
yudumasun |
yudumachan |
yudumasan |
yudumasantan |
|
ATT |
yudumasuru |
yudumacharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
yudumariyun, |
yudumaritan, |
yudumariran, |
yudumarirantan, |
|
ATT |
yudumariyuru, |
yudumaritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
yudumasariyun, |
yudumasaritan |
yudumasariran |
yudumasarirantan |
|
ATT |
yudumasariyuru, |
yudumasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
yududeen |
yududeetan |
yududeeneen |
yududeeneentan |
|
ATT |
yududeeru |
yududeetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
yududoochun |
yududoochan |
yududeeukan |
yududeeukantan |
|
ATT |
yududoochuru |
yududoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
yudum- |
|
Dictionary |
yudumun, |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
yudumuru,
|
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
yudumu-,
|
|
Adverbial |
yudumi |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
yuduma |
|
Conjunctive |
yududi |
|
Representative |
yududai |
|
Imperative |
yudumi, |
|
Conditional |
yudumee |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
yudumuru haji,
|
|
So as to... |
yudumuru gutu,
|
|
Before... |
yudumuru mee,
|
|
While... |
yudumuru qweeda, yudumuru-qweema,
|
|
Purpose |
yudumuru tami ni,
|
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
yududi-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
yududi-kwiin |
|
Completive |
yududi-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
yududi-n |
|
After... |
yududi-kara |
|
After... |
yududi-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
yudumi-busan |
yudumi-busantan |
yudumi-bushikoo neen, yudumi-bushikoo neeran |
yudumi-bushikoo neentan, yudumi-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
yudumi-busaru |
yudumi-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
yudumi-yassan |
yudumi-yassantan |
yudumi-yashikoo neen, yudumi-yashikoo neeran |
yudumi-yashikoo neentan, yudumi-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
yudumi-yassaru |
yudumi-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
yudumi-gurisan |
yudumi-gurisantan |
yudumi-gurikoo neen, yudumi-gurikoo neeran |
yudumi-gurikoo neentan, yudumi-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
yudumi-gurisaru |
yudumi-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
yudumi-misheen |
yudumi-misheentan |
yudumi-misooran |
yudumi-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
yudumi-misheeru |
yudumi-misheetaru, |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
yudumi-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
yudumu-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
yudumu-shi |
|
Concessive |
yudumu-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
yudumu-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
yudumu-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
yudumu-raa |
|
Questions |
yudumu-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
yudumabiyun, |
yudumabitan |
yudumabiran |
yudumabirantan |
|
ATT |
yudumabiyuru, |
yudumabitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
yudumumi |
yududii |
yudumani |
yudumantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：よどむ【淀む・澱む】、とどこおる【滞る】、とどまる【止まる・留まる・停まる・駐まる】