🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)

あがいん【上がいん】 : again | define meaning

again

Pronunciation: [ʔaɡaiŋ̍]

Definition

Verb

To rise; to ascend
1. てぃーだぬあがとーん【天道ぬ上がとーん】
  tiida nu agatoon
  "The sun has risen" (adapted from Chamberlain, 1895)
To improve
To be done (for the day); to be finished; to complete
1. まちぬあがたん【町ぬ上がたん】
  machi nu agatan
  "The market has closed"
2. ゆみあがとーみ？【読み上がとーみ？】
  yumi agatoomi?
  "Are you done reading?", "Have you finished reading?"

Etymology

Cognate with standard Japanese あがる【上がる】 agaru "to rise".

Historical Ryukyuan attestations

おもろさうし Omoro Saushi (1531-1623) records "あかるやに", "わきあかる", "あかるうち", "あかりや", "あかてくれは", "あかる", "あかる月", "あかりやり", "あかて", "つみあかりきや" and "みちあかるくすく", among other examples.
Vocabulary of the language spoken at the Great Loo-Choo Island, in the Japan Sea (1818), by Herbert John Clifford, records "[English] Sunrise [Japanese] Fino, de, fino, agaru [Loo-Choo] Teeda agayoong".
Essay in Aid of a Grammar and Dictionary of the Luchuan Language (1895), by Basil Hall Chamberlain, records "Agayung, to ascend, to rise: tīda nu agatōng, the sun has risen. Also used transitively in an honorific sense, as in Jap., for instance: Tabaku ww'aga-mishēbiri, please take a smoke. (Jap. agaru)".

Spelling

Orthography	Form
Kanji	上がいん
Kana	あがいん
Romanization	again
Pronunciation (IPA)	[ʔaɡaiŋ̍]

Verb Paradigm

Central Okinawan ru-type verb: **agayun** ~ **again**
		Imperfective	Perfective	Negative	Negative Perfective
Indicative	PRED	agayun, again	agatan	agaran	agarantan
	ATT	agayuru, agairu	agataru
Progressive	PRED	agatoon	agatootan	agateewuran	agateewurantan
	ATT	agatooru	agatootaru
Causative	PRED	agarasun	agarachan	agarasan	agarasantan
	ATT	agarasuru	agaracharu
Passive and Potential	PRED	agarariyun, agarariin	agararitan, agarattan	agarariran, agararan	agararirantan, agararatan
	ATT	agarariyuru, agarariiru	agararitaru, agarattaru
Causative-Passive	PRED	agarasariyun, agarasariin	agarasaritan	agarasariran	agarasarirantan
	ATT	agarasariyuru, agarasariiru	agarasariraru
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only)	PRED	agateen	agateetan	agateeneen	agateeneentan
	ATT	agateeru	agateetaru
Preparatory	PRED	agatoochun	agatoochan	agateeukan	agateeukantan
	ATT	agatoochuru	agatoocharu

Base forms
Form	Construction
Root	agar-
Dictionary	agayun, again
Attributive or Adnominal	agayuru, agairu
Apocopated (indicative imperfective)	agayu-, agai-
Adverbial	agai
Volitional-Presumptive	agara
Conjunctive	agati
Representative	agatai
Imperative	agari, agaree
Conditional	agaree

Common attributive (adnominal) constructions
Form	Construction
Conjecture	agayuru haji, agairu haji
So as to...	agayuru gutu, agairu gutu
Before...	agayuru mee, agairu mee
While...	agayuru qweeda, agayuru-qweema, agairu qweeda, agairu-qweema
Purpose	agayuru tami ni, agairu tami ni

Common conjunctive constructions
Form	Construction
Request	agati-kwimisooree
Benefactive	agati-kwiin
Completive	agati-neen
Concessive conditional	agati-n
After...	agati-kara
After...	agati-atu

Common adverbial constructions (adjectival compounds)
Form		Imperfective	Perfective	Negative	Negative perfective
Desiderative	PRED	agai-busan	agai-busantan	agai-bushikoo neen, agai-bushikoo neeran	agai-bushikoo neentan, agai-bushikoo neerantan
Desiderative	ATT	agai-busaru	agai-busataru	agai-bushikoo neen, agai-bushikoo neeran	agai-bushikoo neentan, agai-bushikoo neerantan
Easy to...	PRED	agai-yassan	agai-yassantan	agai-yashikoo neen, agai-yashikoo neeran	agai-yashikoo neentan, agai-yashikoo neerantan
Easy to...	ATT	agai-yassaru	agai-yassataru	agai-yashikoo neen, agai-yashikoo neeran	agai-yashikoo neentan, agai-yashikoo neerantan
Hard to...	PRED	agai-gurisan	agai-gurisantan	agai-gurikoo neen, agai-gurikoo neeran	agai-gurikoo neentan, agai-gurikoo neerantan
Hard to...	ATT	agai-gurisaru	agai-gurisataru	agai-gurikoo neen, agai-gurikoo neeran	agai-gurikoo neentan, agai-gurikoo neerantan

Common adverbial constructions (verbal compounds)
Form		Imperfective	Perfective	Negative	Negative perfective
Exalting	PRED	agai-misheen, aga-misheen	agai-misheentan, aga-misheentan	agai-misooran, aga-misooran	agai-misoorantan, aga-misoorantan
Exalting	ATT	agai-misheeru, aga-misheeru	agai-misheetaru, aga-misheetaru, agai-misoocharu, aga-misoocharu	agai-misooran, aga-misooran	agai-misoorantan, aga-misoorantan

Common adverbial constructions (nominal compounds)
Form	Construction
While (simultaneously)...	agai-gachii

Common apocopated constructions
Form	Construction
Reported past	agayu-tan, agai-tan
Nominalizing	agayu-shi, agai-shi
Concessive	agayu-shiga, agai-shiga
Cause-effect	agayu-kutu, agai-kutu
Prohibitive	agayu-na, agai-na
Provisional conditional	agayu-ra agai-ra
Questions	agayu-ga, agai-ga

Other constructions
Form		Imperfective	Perfective	Negative	Negative perfective
Polite	PRED	agayabiyun, agayabiin, agaibiyun, agaibiin	agayabitan, agaibitan	agayabiran, agaibiran	agayabirantan, agaibirantan
Polite	ATT	agayabiyuru, agayabiiru, agaibiyuru, agaibiiru	agayabitaru, agaibitaru	agayabiran, agaibiran	agayabirantan, agaibirantan
Polar questions	PRED	agayumi, agaimi	agatii	agarani	agarantii

Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:

Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.

意味：あがる【上がる】、じょうたつする【上達する】、できあがる【出来上がる】、おわる【終わる】

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上がいん

Tags: Okinawan Language, Uchinaaguchi, Ryukyuan Languages, 沖縄方言, 沖縄語, うちなーぐち, 沖縄口, 琉球方言, 琉球語...

Cite this entry: Read, Zachary. (2025, September 18). あがいん【上がいん】 : again | define meaning. JLect: Japonic Languages and Dialects Database. Retrieved 2025, December 5, from https://www.jlect.com/entry/7634/again/.