🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
はちゅん【吐ちゅん】 : hachun | define meaning
hachun
Pronunciation: [hat͡ɕuŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To utter; to tell; to let out; to spout
- To breathe out; to exhale
- To vomit; to throw up; to hurl; to spew; to puke
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese はく【吐く】 haku "to utter; to breathe out; to vomit".
Historical Ryukyuan attestations
- Vocabulary of the language spoken at the Great Loo-Choo Island, in the Japan Sea (1818), by Herbert John Clifford, records "Drunk, I vomit. Weétee moónoo háchoong".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 吐ちゅん |
| Kana | はちゅん |
| Romanization | hachun |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [hat͡ɕuŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
hachun |
hachan |
hakan |
hakantan |
|
ATT |
hachuru |
hacharu |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
hachoon |
hachootan |
hacheewuran |
hacheewurantan |
|
ATT |
hachooru |
hachootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
hakasun |
hakachan |
hakasan |
hakasantan |
|
ATT |
hakasuru |
hakacharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
hakariyun, |
hakaritan, |
hakariran, |
hakarirantan, |
|
ATT |
hakariyuru, |
hakaritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
hakasariyun, |
hakasaritan |
hakasariran |
hakasarirantan |
|
ATT |
hakasariyuru, |
hakasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
hacheen |
hacheetan |
hacheeneen |
hacheeneentan |
|
ATT |
hacheeru |
hacheetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
hachoochun |
hachoochan |
hacheeukan |
hacheeukantan |
|
ATT |
hachoochuru |
hachoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
hak- |
|
Dictionary |
hachun |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
hachuru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
hachu- |
|
Adverbial |
hachi |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
haka |
|
Conjunctive |
hachi |
|
Representative |
hachai |
|
Imperative |
haki, |
|
Conditional |
hakee |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
hachuru haji |
|
So as to... |
hachuru gutu |
|
Before... |
hachuru mee |
|
While... |
hachuru qweeda, hanuru-qweema |
|
Purpose |
hachuru tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
hachi-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
hachi-kwiin |
|
Completive |
hachi-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
hachi-n |
|
After... |
hachi-kara |
|
After... |
hachi-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
hachi-busan |
hachi-busantan |
hachi-bushikoo neen, hachi-bushikoo neeran |
hachi-bushikoo neentan, hachi-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
hachi-busaru |
hachi-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
hachi-yassan |
hachi-yassantan |
hachi-yashikoo neen, hachi-yashikoo neeran |
hachi-yashikoo neentan, hachi-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
hachi-yassaru |
hachi-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
hachi-gurisan |
hachi-gurisantan |
hachi-gurikoo neen, hachi-gurikoo neeran |
hachi-gurikoo neentan, hachi-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
hachi-gurisaru |
hachi-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
hachi-misheen |
hachi-misheentan |
hachi-misooran |
hachi-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
hachi-misheeru |
hachi-misheetaru, |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
hachi-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
hachu-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
hachu-shi |
|
Concessive |
hachu-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
hachu-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
hachu-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
hachu-raa |
|
Questions |
hachu-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
hachabiyun, |
hachabitan |
hachabiran |
hachabirantan |
|
ATT |
hachabiyuru, |
hachabitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
hachumi |
hachii |
hakani |
hakantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：はく【吐く】、いきをはく【息を吐く】、おうとする【嘔吐する】、へどをはく【へどを吐く】