🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
すんくゎいん・すんくぁいん : sunkwain | define meaning
sunkwain
Pronunciation: [suŋ̍kʷaiŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To sting; to hurt; to be painful
Etymology
Compare Kansai しゅむ shumu; Kumamoto しょむ shomu; Kagoshima しゅん shun "to sting".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kana | すんくゎいん すんくぁいん |
| New Okinawa Moji | すん彩いん |
| Romanization | sunkwain |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [suŋ̍kʷaiŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
sunkwayun, sunkwain |
sunkwatan |
sunkwaran |
sunkwarantan |
|
ATT |
sunkwayuru, sunkwairu |
sunkwataru |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
sunkwatoon |
sunkwatootan |
sunkwateewuran |
sunkwateewurantan |
|
ATT |
sunkwatooru |
sunkwatootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
sunkwarasun |
sunkwarachan |
sunkwarasan |
sunkwarasantan |
|
ATT |
sunkwarasuru |
sunkwaracharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
sunkwarariyun, |
sunkwararitan, |
sunkwarariran, |
sunkwararirantan, |
|
ATT |
sunkwarariyuru, |
sunkwararitaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
sunkwarasariyun, |
sunkwarasaritan |
sunkwarasariran |
sunkwarasarirantan |
|
ATT |
sunkwarasariyuru, |
sunkwarasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
sunkwateen |
sunkwateetan |
sunkwateeneen |
sunkwateeneentan |
|
ATT |
sunkwateeru |
sunkwateetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
sunkwatoochun |
sunkwatoochan |
sunkwateeukan |
sunkwateeukantan |
|
ATT |
sunkwatoochuru |
sunkwatoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
sunkwar- |
|
Dictionary |
sunkwayun, sunkwain |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
sunkwayuru, sunkwairu |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
sunkwayu-, sunkwai- |
|
Adverbial |
sunkwai |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
sunkwara |
|
Conjunctive |
sunkwati |
|
Representative |
sunkwatai |
|
Imperative |
sunkwari, |
|
Conditional |
sunkwaree |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
sunkwayuru haji, sunkwairu haji |
|
So as to... |
sunkwayuru gutu, sunkwairu gutu |
|
Before... |
sunkwayuru mee, sunkwairu mee |
|
While... |
sunkwayuru qweeda, sunkwayuru-qweema, sunkwairu qweeda, sunkwairu-qweema |
|
Purpose |
sunkwayuru tami ni, sunkwairu tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
sunkwati-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
sunkwati-kwiin |
|
Completive |
sunkwati-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
sunkwati-n |
|
After... |
sunkwati-kara |
|
After... |
sunkwati-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
sunkwai-busan |
sunkwai-busantan |
sunkwai-bushikoo neen, sunkwai-bushikoo neeran |
sunkwai-bushikoo neentan, sunkwai-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
sunkwai-busaru |
sunkwai-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
sunkwai-yassan |
sunkwai-yassantan |
sunkwai-yashikoo neen, sunkwai-yashikoo neeran |
sunkwai-yashikoo neentan, sunkwai-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
sunkwai-yassaru |
sunkwai-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
sunkwai-gurisan |
sunkwai-gurisantan |
sunkwai-gurikoo neen, sunkwai-gurikoo neeran |
sunkwai-gurikoo neentan, sunkwai-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
sunkwai-gurisaru |
sunkwai-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
sunkwai-misheen, sunkwa-misheen |
sunkwai-misheentan, sunkwa-misheentan |
sunkwai-misooran, sunkwa-misooran |
sunkwai-misoorantan, sunkwa-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
sunkwai-misheeru, sunkwa-misheeru |
sunkwai-misheetaru, sunkwa-misheetaru, sunkwai-misoocharu, sunkwa-misoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
sunkwai-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
sunkwayu-tan, sunkwai-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
sunkwayu-shi, sunkwai-shi |
|
Concessive |
sunkwayu-shiga, sunkwai-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
sunkwayu-kutu, sunkwai-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
sunkwayu-na, sunkwai-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
sunkwayu-ra sunkwai-ra |
|
Questions |
sunkwayu-ga, sunkwai-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
sunkwayabiyun, sunkwaibiyun, |
sunkwayabitan, sunkwaibitan |
sunkwayabiran, sunkwaibiran |
sunkwayabirantan, sunkwaibirantan |
|
ATT |
sunkwayabiyuru, sunkwaibiyuru, |
sunkwayabitaru, sunkwaibitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
sunkwayumi, sunkwaimi |
sunkwatii |
sunkwarani |
sunkwarantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：しみる【染みる・沁みる・滲みる・浸みる・泌みる】