🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
ひらちゅん【開ちゅん】 : hirachun | define meaning
hirachun
Pronunciation: [çiɾat͡ɕuŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To open
Etymology
Cognate with Kagoshima ひらっ hiraq; Okinawan ひらちゅん hirachun and ふぃらちゅん firachun; and standard Japanese ひらく【開く】 hiraku "to open".
Historical Ryukyuan attestations
- 沖縄語典 Okinawa goten (Okinawan language dictionary) (1896), by Masayo Nakamoto, records "「ひらちゆん」開（ヒラク）、闢、發".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 開ちゅん |
| Kana | ひらちゅん |
| Romanization | hirachun |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [çiɾat͡ɕuŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
hirachun |
hirachan |
hirakan |
hirakantan |
|
ATT |
hirachuru |
hiracharu |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
hirachoon |
hirachootan |
hiracheewuran |
hiracheewurantan |
|
ATT |
hirachooru |
hirachootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
hirakasun |
hirakachan |
hirakasan |
hirakasantan |
|
ATT |
hirakasuru |
hirakacharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
hirakariyun, |
hirakaritan, |
hirakariran, |
hirakarirantan, |
|
ATT |
hirakariyuru, |
hirakaritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
hirakasariyun, |
hirakasaritan |
hirakasariran |
hirakasarirantan |
|
ATT |
hirakasariyuru, |
hirakasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
hiracheen |
hiracheetan |
hiracheeneen |
hiracheeneentan |
|
ATT |
hiracheeru |
hiracheetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
hirachoochun |
hirachoochan |
hiracheeukan |
hiracheeukantan |
|
ATT |
hirachoochuru |
hirachoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
hirak- |
|
Dictionary |
hirachun |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
hirachuru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
hirachu- |
|
Adverbial |
hirachi |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
hiraka |
|
Conjunctive |
hirachi |
|
Representative |
hirachai |
|
Imperative |
hiraki, |
|
Conditional |
hirakee |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
hirachuru haji |
|
So as to... |
hirachuru gutu |
|
Before... |
hirachuru mee |
|
While... |
hirachuru qweeda, hiranuru-qweema |
|
Purpose |
hirachuru tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
hirachi-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
hirachi-kwiin |
|
Completive |
hirachi-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
hirachi-n |
|
After... |
hirachi-kara |
|
After... |
hirachi-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
hirachi-busan |
hirachi-busantan |
hirachi-bushikoo neen, hirachi-bushikoo neeran |
hirachi-bushikoo neentan, hirachi-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
hirachi-busaru |
hirachi-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
hirachi-yassan |
hirachi-yassantan |
hirachi-yashikoo neen, hirachi-yashikoo neeran |
hirachi-yashikoo neentan, hirachi-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
hirachi-yassaru |
hirachi-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
hirachi-gurisan |
hirachi-gurisantan |
hirachi-gurikoo neen, hirachi-gurikoo neeran |
hirachi-gurikoo neentan, hirachi-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
hirachi-gurisaru |
hirachi-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
hirachi-misheen |
hirachi-misheentan |
hirachi-misooran |
hirachi-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
hirachi-misheeru |
hirachi-misheetaru, |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
hirachi-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
hirachu-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
hirachu-shi |
|
Concessive |
hirachu-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
hirachu-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
hirachu-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
hirachu-raa |
|
Questions |
hirachu-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
hirachabiyun, |
hirachabitan |
hirachabiran |
hirachabirantan |
|
ATT |
hirachabiyuru, |
hirachabitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
hirachumi |
hirachii |
hirakani |
hirakantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：ひらく【開く】