🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
っゑんださん・うぇんださん : qwendasan · 'wendasan | define meaning
qwendasan · 'wendasan
Pronunciation: [ʔwen̩dasaŋ̍]
Definition
Sa-Adjective
- Gentle; docile; obedient; well-behaved
Etymology
Cognate with Tokunoshima (Isen) っわーんざはり qwaanzahari; Tokunoshima (Asama) っゑんじゃーはい qwenjaahai; Kunigami (Kin) ゑんだらーん wendaraan; Okinawan っゑんださん qwendasan and っゑんらさん qwenrasan; Yaeyama (Hatoma) わんだーっさん wandaassan "gentle".
Possibly related to standard Japanese おやらしい【親らしい】 oyarashii "parent-like", Middle Japanese おだいし【穏いし】 odaishi and おだし【穏し】 odashi "calm", or Japanese おんわらしい【温和らしい】 on'wa-rashii "seemingly gentle".
Historical Ryukyuan attestations
- The Okinawan Language (A Synchronic Description) (1963), by Owen Robert Loveless, records "ʔweŋdasa, gentleness".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kana | っゑんださん うぇんださん |
| New Okinawa Moji | 朗んださん |
| Romanization | qwendasan ʔwendasan 'wendasan |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [ʔwen̩dasaŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
qwendasan |
qwendasatan |
qwendakoo neen, qwendakoo neeran |
qwendakoo neentan, qwendakoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
qwendasaru |
qwendasataru |
qwendakoo neentaru, qwendakoo neerantaru |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
qwenda- |
|
Dictionary |
qwendasan |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
qwendasaru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
qwendasa- |
|
Noun form |
qwendasa |
|
Adverbial form |
qwendaku |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
qwendakoo |
|
Topicalized adverbial form |
qwendakoo |
|
Conjunctive |
qwendasati |
|
Continuative |
qwendasai |
|
Conditional |
qwendasaree |
|
Provisional conditional |
qwendasaraa |
|
Consequential |
qwendasanu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive conditional |
qwendati-n |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
To become... |
qwendaku nain |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Concessive |
qwendasa-shiga |
|
Topicalized concessive |
qwendasaa-a-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
qwendasa-kutu |
|
Nominalized |
qwendasa-shi |
|
Inferential |
qwendasa sun |
|
Questions |
qwendasa-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
qwendasayabiyun†, qwendasaibiyun†, |
qwendasayabitan†, qwendasaibitan |
qwendakoo neeyabiran†, qwendakoo neebiran |
qwendakoo neeyabirantan†, qwendakoo neebirantan |
|
ATT |
qwendasayabiyuru†, qwendasaibiyuru†, |
qwendasayabitaru, qwendasaibitaru |
qwendakoo neeyabirantaru†, qwendakoo neebirantaru |
||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
qwendasami |
qwendasatii |
qwendakoo neeni, qwendakoo neerani |
qwendakoo neentii, qwendakoo neerantii |
|
Conjecture |
PRED |
qwendasan nee sun |
qwendasatan nee sun |
qwendakoo neen nee sun, qwendakoo neeran nee sun |
qwendakoo neentan nee sun, qwendakoo neerantan nee sun |
† These forms are considered literary.
Adjective paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：おとなしい【大人しい・温和しい】、やさしい【優しい】、にゅうわである【柔和】