🌏 Region(s): Ryukyu (Okinawa)
ちーん【切ん・切ーん】 : chiin | define meaning
chiin
Pronunciation: [t͡ɕiːŋ̍]
Definition
Verb
- To cut (with a bladed tool); to chop; to clip (nails); to slice
Etymology
Cognate with standard Japanese きる【切る】 kiru "to cut".
Historical attestations
- Vocabulary of the language spoken at the Great Loo-Choo island, in the Japan Sea (1818), by Herbert John Clifford, records "Cut, to. Cheéoong, or feéoong, or feéjoong".
- Voyage of His Majesty's Ship Alceste: Along the Coast of Corea, to the Island of Lewchew, with an Account of Her Subsequent Shipwreck (1818), by John M'Leod, records "Cut. Chichau".
Spelling
| Orthography | Form |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 切ん 切ーん |
| Kana | ちーん |
| Romanization | chiin |
| Pronunciation (IPA) | [t͡ɕiːŋ̍] |
Verb Paradigm
|
|
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative Perfective |
|
Indicative |
PRED |
chiyun, chiin |
chicchan |
chiran |
chirantan |
|
ATT |
chiyuru, chiiru |
chiccharu |
|||
|
Progressive |
PRED |
chicchoon |
chicchootan |
chiccheewuran |
chiccheewurantan |
|
ATT |
chicchooru |
chicchootaru |
|||
|
Causative |
PRED |
chirasun |
chirachan |
chirasan |
chirasantan |
|
ATT |
chirasuru |
chiracharu |
|||
|
Passive and Potential |
PRED |
chirariyun, |
chiraritan, |
chirariran, |
chirarirantan, |
|
ATT |
chirariyuru, |
chiraritaru, |
|||
|
Causative-Passive |
PRED |
chirasariyun, |
chirasaritan |
chirasariran |
chirasarirantan |
|
ATT |
chirasariyuru, |
chirasariraru |
|||
|
Intransitivizing resultative (For transitive verbs only) |
PRED |
chiccheen |
chiccheetan |
chiccheeneen |
chiccheeneentan |
|
ATT |
chiccheeru |
chiccheetaru |
|||
|
Preparatory |
PRED |
chicchoochun |
chicchoochan |
chiccheeukan |
chiccheeukantan |
|
ATT |
chicchoochuru |
chicchoocharu |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Root |
chir- |
|
Dictionary |
chiyun, chiin |
|
Attributive or Adnominal |
chiyuru, chiiru |
|
Apocopated (indicative imperfective) |
chiyu-, chii- |
|
Adverbial |
chii |
|
Volitional-Presumptive |
chira |
|
Conjunctive |
chicchi |
|
Representative |
chicchai |
|
Imperative |
chiri, |
|
Conditional |
chiree |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Conjecture |
chiyuru haji, chiiru haji |
|
So as to... |
chiyuru gutu, chiiru gutu |
|
Before... |
chiyuru mee, chiiru mee |
|
While... |
chiyuru qweeda, chiyuru-qweema, chiiru qweeda, chiiru-qweema |
|
Purpose |
chiyuru tami ni, chiiru tami ni |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Request |
chicchi-kwimisooree |
|
Benefactive |
chicchi-kwiin |
|
Completive |
chicchi-neen |
|
Concessive conditional |
chicchi-n |
|
After... |
chicchi-kara |
|
After... |
chicchi-atu |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Desiderative |
PRED |
chii-busan |
chii-busantan |
chii-bushikoo neen, chii-bushikoo neeran |
chii-bushikoo neentan, chii-bushikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
chii-busaru |
chii-busataru |
|||
|
Easy to... |
PRED |
chii-yassan |
chii-yassantan |
chii-yashikoo neen, chii-yashikoo neeran |
chii-yashikoo neentan, chii-yashikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
chii-yassaru |
chii-yassataru |
|||
|
Hard to... |
PRED |
chii-gurisan |
chii-gurisantan |
chii-gurikoo neen, chii-gurikoo neeran |
chii-gurikoo neentan, chii-gurikoo neerantan |
|
ATT |
chii-gurisaru |
chii-gurisataru |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Exalting |
PRED |
chii-misheen |
chii-misheentan |
chii-misooran |
chii-misoorantan |
|
ATT |
chii-misheeru |
chii-misheetaru, |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
While (simultaneously)... |
chii-gachii |
|
Form |
Construction |
|
Reported past |
chiyu-tan, chii-tan |
|
Nominalizing |
chiyu-shi, chii-shi |
|
Concessive |
chiyu-shiga, chii-shiga |
|
Cause-effect |
chiyu-kutu, chii-kutu |
|
Prohibitive |
chiyu-na, chii-na |
|
Provisional conditional |
chiyu-ra chii-ra |
|
Questions |
chiyu-ga, chii-ga |
|
Form |
|
Imperfective |
Perfective |
Negative |
Negative perfective |
|
Polite |
PRED |
chiyabiyun, chiibiyun, |
chiyabitan, chiibitan |
chiyabiran, chiibiran |
chiyabirantan, chiibirantan |
|
ATT |
chiyabiyuru, chiibiyuru, |
chiyabitaru, chiibitaru |
|||
|
Polar questions |
PRED |
chiyumi, chiimi |
chicchii |
chirani |
chirantii |
Verb paradigms are based off several sources including, but not limited to:
- Funatsu, Yoshiaki. (1988). 美しい沖縄の方言①. [Utsukushii Okinawa no kotoba 1]. ISBN4-905784-19-0.
- Sakihara, Mitsugu. (2006). Okinawan-English Wordbook. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 0824831020.
- Shizato, Rumiko and Iwasaki, Shoichi. (2024). Basic Okinawan: From Conversation to Grammar. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. ISBN: 9780824893651.
意味：きる【切る】、きる【斬る】